APPOINT    委任任

EMPLOY so as to CAUSE TO BECOME a SENIOR OFFICIAL.
NOMINATENAMEDESIGNATEINSTALL ASCOMMISSIONENGAGE
Old Chinese Criteria
[FORMAL/INFORMAL] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [IMPOLITE/POLITE] [TECHNICAL-TERM/CURRENT-WORD] 1. Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!] 2. Shì 仕 (ant. chù 黜 "remove from office") describes a position below the top echelon in pre-Qín times, but came to refer to the highest kinds of appointment in Hàn times. [FORMAL], [GENERAL] 3. Huàn 宦 is rarer, refers originally to the position of a menial servant, but became basically synonymous with shì 仕, except that huàn 宦 normally refers to positions held at court. [SPECIFIC], [FORMAL] 4. Wéi 為 "make into" is a neutral informal term which does not primarily refer to the formal investment or any transferring of the insignia of office. [GENERAL], [INFORMAL] 5. Xiàng 相 is used in a derived sense for an appointment to a specific high position, that of Prime Minister. [FORMAL], [SPECIFIC+] 6. Shǔ 署 is a Hàn dynasty technical buraucratic term. [FORMAL], [TECHNICAL-TERM] 7. Mìng 命 refers specifically to the conferment of the title which goes with an official appointment. [FORMAL], [CURRENT-WORD] 8. 委 9. 授
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 21. 任，任官的通稱。 委，用於皇帝或諸王委任重要職務。 拜，用一定的禮節授給官職。 授，朝廷對於有一定功績或有聲望者授予或提升職務。 除，免去舊官任新官；後也用於初授官職， 23. 賜，多為爵位、名號等物質、榮譽等的恩惠。 賞，施於有功者的恩惠。 封，最早指分賜土地；後指分賜公侯、食邑、爵號之類，含有莊重色彩。 贈，漢代起特用於對死者的追封、追贈。 GOVERNMENT/LAW 26. APPOINT TO A NEW POSITION 改，平調，有時略含升遷，要與表示任職的詞連用。 調，不同部門間的平級調動，有時也小有升或降，還有選拔調用的情況。 轉，完全因工作需要而平調。 徙，一般指平調，但根據不同情況，也可表升或降職。
Modern Chinese Criteria
委任 委派 加委 任命 任 授 拜 選 委 封官 授官 加官 選官 拜官 拜除 拜命 封爵 封 拜 加官進爵 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • INSTALL　APPOINT to an IMPORTANT RANK. (anc: 18/0, child: 0)
  • PROMOTE　APPOINT to CAUSE TO BECOME a MORE NOBLE OFFICIAL. (anc: 18/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DISMISSSTOP EMPLOYING someone in a JOB.
See also
  • DEPLOYCOMMAND an ARMY to ACT:engage in WARFARE.
Hypernym
  • EMPLOY　COMMAND to ACT:do PAID WORK FOR ONESELF. (anc: 16/0, child: 1)
  • COMMAND　ADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT. (anc: 15/0, child: 8)
  • ADDRESS　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 14/0, child: 23)
Other Hypernyms
  • EMPLOYnew-32694ce4-fc66-47d5-a94c-e4fc6617d590　COMMAND to ACT:do PAID WORK FOR ONESELF. (anc: 15/2, child: 1)
  • COMMANDnew-64400543-79c1-45c0-8005-4379c115c025　ADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT. (anc: 14/1, child: 8)
  • ADDRESSnew-b2b104ff-6112-4947-b104-ff611229470d　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 13/0, child: 23)

Words (24 items)

舉  jǔ OC: klaʔ MC: ki̯ɤ 32 Attributions

    Word relations
  • Ant: 錯/DISCARD
  • Assoc: 選/CHOOSE Xuǎn 選 and the rarer bá 拔 (ant. chì 斥 "set aside") is an administrative term referring to the choice of incumbents for a position to be filled according to given criteria of choice.

    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)omappoint the contextually determinate person
  • vt[oN]make appointments
  • vtoNchoose (a person) for promotion, recommend; appoint to a high position
  • vtoN.-V[0]appoint N to V
  • vtoNpassivebe appointed
仕  shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 15 Attributions

Shì 仕 (ant. chù 黜 "remove from office") describes a position below the top echelon in pre-Qín times, but came to refer to the highest kinds of appointment in Hàn times. [FORMAL], [GENERAL]

    Syntactic words
  • viacttake employment
  • viinchoativegain employment; enter employment
  • vtoNgive public employment toCH
  • vttoN1.+N2causativeemploy (someone N1) as (an official N2); employ (someone) (in a position)
以為  yǐ wéi MC: yiX hjweH OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷal 14 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPtt(oN1.) N2appoint the contextually determinate N1 as N2CH
  • VPtt(oN1.) N2continuativehave the contextually determinate person appointed as N2; retain the contextually determinate person in the function N2DS
天命  tiān mìng OC: lʰiin mɢreŋs MC: then mɣaŋ 13 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPab.adNby heavenly appointmentCH
  • NPabactappointment by Heaven, Mandate of Heaven to a ruler
封  fēng OC: poŋ MC: pi̯oŋ 13 Attributions

    Word relations
  • Contrast: 官/EMPLOY
  • Contrast: 拜/APPOINT Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]
  • Synon: 拜/APPOINT Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]

    Syntactic words
  • nabactappointmentsCH
  • vadNenfeoffed
  • vtoNenfeoff (a person)
  • vtoN1.+N2passive(of N1) be appointed as an N2CH
  • vtoNpassivebe appointed
  • vttoN.+V[0]enfoeff N to V
  • vttoN1.+N2N=placeenfeof N1 with N2CH
為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 6 Attributions

Wéi 為 "make into" is a neutral informal term which does not primarily refer to the formal investment or any transferring of the insignia of office. [GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNCAUSE TO BECOME> appoint as (a successor etc); make into (one's ruler/tutor etc)
  • vtt(oN1.)+N2omappoint someone contextually determinate N1 as (something N2)
  • vttoN1:postvtoN2以N2為N1　
相  xiàng OC: sqaŋs MC: si̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions

Xiàng 相 is used in a derived sense for an appointment to a specific high position, that of Prime Minister. [FORMAL], [SPECIFIC+]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNcausativeappoint as prime minister
命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 5 Attributions

Mìng 命 refers specifically to the conferment of the title which goes with an official appointment.

    Syntactic words
  • nabactappointment; appointment and mandate 受命
  • vt+prep+Npassiveby appointed to one's position by N
  • vtoNgive an appointment to, appoint; give a mandate to
  • vtoNpassiveget a formal (feudal) appointment
  • vttoN1.+N2appoint N1 to the position N2
拜  bài OC: proods MC: pɣɛi 5 Attributions

Bài 拜 (ant. biǎn 貶 "demote to a lower position in the hierarchy at court") refers formally and bureaucratically to a high appointment at court. [POLITE], [SPECIFIED]; [vtt!]

    Syntactic words
  • vt+NN=officebe appointed as (a prime minister etc)
  • vttoN1.+N2appoint (a person N1) in (a position N2); appoint N1 to a position higher by N2
宦  huàn OC: ɢʷraans MC: ɦɣan 3 Attributions

Huàn 宦 is rarer, refers originally to the position of a menial servant, but became basically synonymous with shì 仕, except that huàn 宦 normally refers to positions held at court. [SPECIFIC], [FORMAL]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNemploy in official function at court
授  shòu OC: djus MC: ɨu 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNappoint (as leader etc)
表  biǎo MC: pjewX OC: prawʔ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN1. VtoN2appoint N1 as N2DS
除  chú MC: drjo OC: rla 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)appoint the contextually determinate person to a higher positionCH
爵命  jué mìng OC: tsewɡ mɢreŋs MC: tsi̯ɐk mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabactappointment
  • VPtoNpassivebe formally appointed to a high feudal rank
尊  zūn MC: tswon OC: tsuun 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN1 wéiN2honour N1 so as to make him N2CH
拜授  bài shòu OC: proods djus MC: pɣɛi ɨu 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNgive a position to
延  yán MC: yen OC: lan 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN1. yǐ N2apoint N1 to the position of N2 延以...之位CH
待以  dài yǐ MC: dojX yiX OC: ɡ-lɯɯʔ k-lɯʔ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtt(oN1.) N2appoint the implicit N1 to the rank N2; treat N1 as an N2CH
稟為  bǐng wéi OC: prɯmʔ ɢʷal MC: pim ɦiɛ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPtt(oN1.)+N2appoint the contextually determinate N1 to the distinguished rank of an N2
使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtt(oN1.)+N2appoint N1 to the position N2
委  wěi OC: qrolʔ MC: ʔiɛ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNsend to fill an office, order to fill an office;
徵  zhēng OC: tɯŋ MC: ʈɨŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNdraft in in order to apoint in some office (Han dynasty bureaucratic usage)
  Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtt(oN1.) N2appoint the contextually determinate N1 as N2CH
署  shǔ OC: ɡljas MC: dʑi̯ɤ 0 Attributions

Shǔ 署 is a Hàn dynasty technical buraucratic term. [FORMAL], [TECHNICAL]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNappoint by imperial order (Han dynasty bureaucratic usage)