BOVINE    牛族動物

BIG BEAST or DOMESTIC ANIMAL which has HORNS, AND that SOMETIMES CAN be CAUSED TO PULL PLOUGHS... [BIOLOGY]
COWHEIFERBULLBULLOCKCALFOXBISON
Old Chinese Criteria
[CONGERIES] 1. The current general word for bovines of any kind is niú 牛. 2. Xī 犀 is the standard word for a rhinoceros. 3. Sì 兕 refers to an unidentified large wild ox which was currently hunted in Shang Dynasty times. 4. Máo 旄 refers to the yak-ox generally, famous for profuse growth of hair all over the body and the limbs. 5. Máo 犛 refers to the black yak-ox, but the word is as rare as was, presumably, the animal in central parts of China. 6. Láo 牢 refers to an bovine specially reared for sacrificial person, and the word is ubiquitous in OBI. 7. Xī sì 犀兕 is a generic term referring to rhino-like bovines, and the compound is never referential referring to one specific beast of this kind.
Modern Chinese Criteria
牛 牛類 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • MALE BOVINE　BOVINE that is MALE. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • CALF　YOUNG BOVINE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
See also
  • OXCASTRATED MALE BOVINE.
Hypernym
  • DOMESTIC ANIMAL　ANIMAL REARED IN OR NEAR HOMES. (anc: 6/0, child: 7)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
Other Hypernyms
  • BEAST　BIG WILD VERTEBRATE. (anc: 7/0, child: 12)
  • VERTEBRATE　ANIMAL which HAS a SPINE BONE. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 3.15

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 3.20

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 239

    Stier:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 750

    5.Stiere

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 794

    Rind:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 805

    Stier:

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.970

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1248

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1711

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 687

    犛，旄

    1. WL points out that Sima Xiangru distinguishes between these two, both being long-haired and furry, but ma2o 犛 being black and known only in the south-western regions.

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    CATTLE

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    bos, bovis 'bovine animal, cattle; ox, bull; cow' [m., f.] (Naev.+). Variants: nom.sg.

    bus Varro lx, bouis Varro lx, Petr. Ix, abl.sg. bouid CIL 11.4766, gen.pl. bouerum

    Cato, Varro, bouum, bouom Varro. Quint., Fest., bubum Ulp., dat.abl.pl. bubus, bo bus

    passim.

    Derivatives: bovTle [n.] (Cato+), bubile [n.] (Plaut.+) 'stall for oxen', bubula 'beef

    (P1.+), bUbulus 'pertaining to, belonging to cattle' (Naev.+); bubulcus 'one who

    ploughs with oxen, herdsman' (Cato+), bubulcitare 'to be a herdsman, keep, feed,

    drive oxen' (P1.+); bucetum 'pasture' (Varro+); bucula 'young cow' (Cic.+), buculus

    'young bull' (Col.+); bucaeda [m.] 'ox-slaughterer' (PL+); Bubona 'cattle goddess'

    (Aug.); bucina 'shepherd's horn, trumpet' (Varro+).

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.133

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 91A

    • Words (10 items)

    牛  niú OC: ŋɯ MC: ŋɨu 23 Attributions

    The current general word for bovines of any kind is niú 牛.

      Syntactic words
    • nbovine; water buffalo
    • nadNox-drawn (carts) [[this sort of adjectival usage probably does not need an entry]]; designed for oxen/water buffaloes
    • nadNof an ox, bovine (e.g. excrement)LZ
    • nadVanalogylike an ox 牛飲 "drink like cattle"
    • npost-Nbovine characterised by NDS
    • vt[oN]to lead one's oxen (SHI)LZ
    兕  sì OC: ziʔ MC: zi 13 Attributions

    Sì 兕 refers to an unidentified large wild ox which was currently hunted in Shang Dynasty times.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 虎/TIGER By far the most common feline in ancient Chinese literature is the hǔ 虎 "tiger".

      Syntactic words
    • nperhaps rhinoceros-like wild animal only tentatively identified by biologists, wild buffalo or ox of some kind, commonly mentioned and hunted already in OBI
    • nadNmade of rhinoceros horn
    犀兕  xī sì OC: sliil ziʔ MC: sei zi 5 Attributions

    Xī sì 犀兕 is a generic term referring to rhino-like bovines, and the compound is never referential referring to one specific beast of this kind.

      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialwild buffalo; rhinoceros; (by synecdoche, pars pro toto>) their hide
    犀  xī OC: sliil MC: sei 5 Attributions

    Xī 犀 is the standard word for a rhinoceros.

      Syntactic words
    • nrhinoceros
    • nadNof rhinoceros, rhinoceros-CH
    旄  máo OC: moow MC: mɑu 3 Attributions

    Máo 旄 refers to the yak-ox generally or even bovines generally.

      Syntactic words
    • nbovine of any kind; yak, long-haired buffalo　Cf. máo 犛
    犁牛  lí niú OC: riil ŋɯ MC: lei ŋɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(black) ploughing ox
    騂旄  xīng máo OC: seŋ moow MC: siɛŋ mɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPred bull
    牢  láo OC: ruu MC: lɑu 0 Attributions

    Láo 牢 refers to an bovine specially reared for sacrificial person, and the word is ubiquitous in OBI.

      Syntactic words
    • nOBI 5: bovine specially reared for sacrificial purposes, and the word also refers to sheep so used, although the graph is sometimes varied by putting the sheep radical instead of the ox under the roof. Xu's dictionary writes, disarmingly: 用於祭祀之牛羊
    犗  jiè OC: kraads MC: kɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nyoung ox ???
    犛  máo OC: mɢraaw MC: mɣɛu 0 Attributions

    Máo 犛 refers to the black yak-ox, but the word is as rare as was, presumably, the animal in central parts of China.

      Syntactic words
    • nlong-haired ox; yak