TALENT    才能才

INTENSELY AND IMPORTANTLY SKILLFUL OR WISE.
FLAIRAPTITUDEFACILITYGIFTKNACKTECHNIQUETOUCHBENTABILITYEXPERTISECAPACITYFACULTYSTRENGTHFORTEGENIUSBRILLIANCEDEXTERITYSKILLARTISTRY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard word for an unusual promising ability to perform important future tasks of any kind is cái 才／材, and the talents referred to by this word do not need to be of a "higher" kind. 2. Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "untalented") often refers to realised talents, and typically includes the nuance of moral worthiness in addition to practical and intellectual talents, and prototypically these talents include moral ones and are excercised in the service of a ruler. (Note the combination 忠賢 "loyal and worthy") 3. Dé 德 "political charisma; moral integrity" refers especially to the higher talents of the sage or the sage ruler and may perhaps be usefully compared in this synonym group. See VIRTUE.
Modern Chinese Criteria
才能 才力 才具 才幹 幹才 才略 才 經綸 refers specifically to political talent and is marginal in the group. 智慧 refers to intellectual talent and wisdom. See WISE. 靈性 天資 天才 天分 天賦 天稟 稟賦 材 資材 資質 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Antonym
  • STUPIDLACK APPROPRIATE INTELLIGENCE.
See also
  • ABLEHAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something.
Hypernym
  • WISE　INTELLIGENT IN-RELATION-TO what is MOST IMPORTANT for HUMAN LIFE. (anc: 9/0, child: 1)
  • INTELLIGENT　SKILLFUL IN-RELATION-TO UNDERSTANDING and DECIDING. (anc: 8/0, child: 7)
  • SKILLFUL　ABLE to ACT:do something BECAUSE one has LEARNT NECESSARY METHODS.  (anc: 7/0, child: 6)
Other Hypernyms
  • SKILLFUL　ABLE to ACT:do something BECAUSE one has LEARNT NECESSARY METHODS.  (anc: 7/0, child: 6)
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 101; 1145

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    INGENIUM/INDOLES

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 108

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.583

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.129

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1310

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 10.886

    TALENT

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.279

    GENIE

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 439

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 388

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 62

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.111:76

    GENIE.TALENT

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.184.145

    GENIE.TALENT

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 58A

    • Words (38 items)

    賢者  xián zhě OC: ɡiin kljaʔ MC: ɦen tɕɣɛ 273 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NP=Nprthe worthy Npr
    • NPa certain(there was) a certain (presumed identifiable but unspecified)
    • NPcoreferentialsuch a worthy (coreferential, anaphoric)
    • NPdefinitethose who are possessed of moral worth and talent (at a certain time or in a certain place)
    • NPdefinitethe more talented one (of the two, or of the set)
    • NPindefinitea worthy; any worthy; any worthies; worthies of any kind
    • NPnonreferentialabstractly: the man of talent and moral worth (at any time and in any place)
    • NPpost-Ndefinitebe the worthiest in N; be a worthy on the scale of N, be a worthy of N-class (but contrast 古之賢者)
    • NPpost-V{NUM}the (counted) worthies
    • NPsuperlativethe most talented one
    • NP{PRED}be a worthy, be a person of moral talent; also plural: be persons of moral worth, be worthies
    賢  xián OC: ɡiin MC: ɦen 175 Attributions

    Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "untalented") often refers to realised talents, and typically includes the nuance of moral worthiness in addition to practical and intellectual talents.

      Word relations
    • Result: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
    • Ant: 鄙/VULGAR Bǐ 鄙 (ant. chóng 崇 "elevated") refers to rusticity and lack cultural polish typical of a person from outlying regions, a country bumpkin.
    • Ant: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
    • Epithet: 醫/PHYSICIAN The general standard word for a doctor is yī 醫.
    • Contrast: 明/INTELLIGENT Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturequalifications; worthiness; competence, talent (not primarily moral)LZ
    • nabmoral脩養；moral worthiness; moral qualification; moral dignity;  talent; moral excellence, moral talent
    • nabpsycheffective and qualified moral judgmentCH
    • nnonreferentialqualified, worthy person; person of talent and worth (always non-referential?) 尊賢使能
    • v[adN]the qualified; men of dignified talent and worth; worthiesCH
    • vadNqualified; dignified; worthy; distinguished, talented; excellent, remarkable
    • vigradedof persons: 有修養；be (the more) worthy; be (the more) qualified; be morally distinguished, be (the more) talented; NB: 孰賢？tends to be "who is THE MORE talented？“ And predicative 賢人 is NOT graded. 甚賢，最賢
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe more worthy than; be more distinguished than; be more talented than; be more qualified than
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to become qualified/distinguished/worthy/dignified
    • vtoNpassivebe considered as distinguished, qualified, dignified; talented or morally worthy
    • vtoNputativeregard as distinguished or talented, regard as worthy; regard as (the most) qualified
    • vtoNputative.reflex.自regard (oneself) as distinguished or talented
    • vtoNstativebe qualified for; have talents with respect to something 有所賢
    才  cái OC: sɡɯɯ MC: dzəi
    材  cái OC: sɡɯɯ MC: dzəi 58 Attributions

    The standard word for an unusual promising ability to perform important future tasks of any kind is cái 才／材, and the talents referred to by this word do not need to be of a "higher" kind.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 鴻/GREAT Hóng 鴻 refers to greatness as essentially linked to immense size.
    • Epithet: 臣/MINISTER The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣.
    • Contrast: 能/ABLE The commonest word is néng 能 "have an inherent capacity for, have the personal ability to". CURRENT, ENDOGENIC, GRADED, INHERENT, LASTING
    • Contrast: 用/USEFUL
    • Assoc: 美/VIRTUE Other general terms for subjectively construed general moral commendation include měi 美"point of moral distinction" (ant. è 惡 "point of moral decrepitude"), and occasionally gāo 高"elevated points, elevated spirit" (ant. jiàn 賤 "point of vulgar decrepitude"). NB that shàn 善 "excellent" is not used as a general term of positive moral appreciation in pre-Buddhist texts.
    • Assoc: 能/ABLE The commonest word is néng 能 "have an inherent capacity for, have the personal ability to". CURRENT, ENDOGENIC, GRADED, INHERENT, LASTING
    • Assoc: 智 / 知/INTELLIGENT The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.

      Syntactic words
    • nab(post-N)qualifications; professional talents; relevant skills; promising facultiesCH
    • nab.post-N1[adN2]dispositionmen of the talents of an NCH
    • nab.post-V{NUM}dispositiongift, talent 多材
    • nabdispositionimportant potential; qualifications; professional talents; relevant skills; promising faculties
    • nadNgifted, talented
    • npost-Nabthe talent of N-ing
    • nsubjectpersons who have important qualifications, professional skills, promising faculties
    • n{PRED}post-Nabhave the talent to V See FAYAN 21.1 皆諸侯卿相之才 "(Confucius' discioples) all had the talent to become feudal lords and senior ministers"
    • v[adN1.]post-N2those people who have talents for the function N2CH
    • v[adN]the talented; the more talented
    • vigradedbe talented, be worthy; be promising 才甚 very talented
    德  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 20 Attributions

    Dé 德 "political charisma; moral integrity" refers especially to the higher talents of the sage or the sage ruler and may perhaps be usefully compared in this synonym group. See VIRTUE.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 不肖/INCOMPETENT The most current and general word for incompetence is bù xiào 不肖 (ant. xián 賢 "distinguished talent").

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-VV-ed or V-ing natural potentialCH
    • nabdispositionsuperior moral qualities, higher virtues (other than vulgar mundane strength)
    • nabfigurative(hidden) inherent natural potentialCH
    多能  duō néng OC: k-laal nɯɯŋ MC: tɑ nəŋ 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Inconsist: 聖/WISE Shèng 聖 (ant. yōng 庸 "mediocre") refers to supreme sagehood and perfection of character.

      Syntactic words
    • VPihave many concrete talents; be versatile; be possessed of many concrete abilities
    • VPtoNabbe greatly capable of NabCH
    賢不肖  xián bù xiào OC: ɡiin pɯʔ smews MC: ɦen pi̯ut siɛu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabconceptrelative talent
    賢才  xián cái OC: ɡiin sɡɯɯ MC: ɦen dzəi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialpersons of talent (never: CERTAIN PERSONS OF TALENT)
    • VPibe talentedCH
    俊才  jùn cái OC: skluns sɡɯɯ MC: tsʷin dzəi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionremarkable talent
    能者  néng zhě OC: nɯɯŋ kljaʔ MC: nəŋ tɕɣɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{PRED}be the capable oneDS
    • NP{vad.npro}nonreferentialcapable men; competent men
    神足  shén zú OC: ɢljin tsoɡs MC: ʑin tsi̯o 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionBUDHH: supernatural capabilities
    材技  cái jì MC: dzoj gjeX OC: sɡɯɯ ɡreʔ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtalents and skillsLZ
    • NPab.adNtalented and skilledLZ
    作家  zuò jiā OC: tsaaɡ kraa MC: tsɑk kɣɛ 3 Attributions
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 465

      高手，內行

      This word is very frequent in ZTJ!

      Syntactic words
    • NPspecialist, expert, ace (see also 作者)
    • NPadNof great talent, expert-
    神力  shén lì OC: ɢljin ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ʑin lɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionsupernatural talents
    器  qì OC: khrɯds MC: khi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionrange of talents
    • vtoNputativeregard as talented, regard somebody as having a high capacity
    賢材  xián cái OC: ɡiin sɡɯɯ MC: ɦen dzəi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]persons of talent, same as 賢才
    脩  xiū OC: sqlɯw MC: sɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]men of talent  前脩 "men of talent of bygone times"
    伎能  jì néng OC: ɡreʔ nɯɯŋ MC: giɛ nəŋ 1 Attribution

    Ability of the special skill kind> special talent

      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionspecial skills
    能鄙  néng bǐ MC: noj pijX OC: nɯɯŋ prɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelative talent and/or relative stupidityDS
    良材  liáng cái MC: ljang dzoj OC: ɡ-raŋ sɡɯɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangecome to be of excellent talentCH
    英才  yīng cái OC: qraŋ sɡɯɯ MC: ʔɣaŋ dzəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositiongreat talent
    善材  shàn cái MC: dzyenX dzoj  OC: ɡjenʔ sɡɯɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNof excellent talentCH
    材力  cái lì MC: dzoj lik OC: sɡɯɯ ɡ-rɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab(.post-N):adVwith his capabilities and strength DS
    善  shàn OC: ɡjenʔ MC: dʑiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vihave ability, be competent, be able
    美材  měi cái OC: mriʔ sɡɯɯ MC: mi dzəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPihave admirable talents
    上根  shàng gēn OC: ɡljaŋs kɯɯn MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ kən 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNof supreme spiritual talent
    敦  dūn OC: tuun MC: tuo̝n 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe versed in; be strong at
    根  gēn OC: kɯɯn MC: kən 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychspiritual capacity
    才能  cái néng OC: sɡɯɯ nɯɯŋ MC: dzəi nəŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositiongeneral talent, abilities (including moral talents and professional abilities)
    賢夫  xián fū OC: ɡiin pa MC: ɦen pi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentiala person of talent and moral worth
    才藝  cái yì OC: sɡɯɯ ŋeds MC: dzəi ŋiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositiontalent
    資材  zī cái MC: tsij dzoj  OC: sti sɡɯɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpluralfigurative: talentsCH
    才賢  cái xián MC: dzoj hen OC: sɡɯɯ ɡiin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]talented and worthy personDS
    有能  yǒu néng OC: ɢʷɯʔ nɯɯŋ MC: ɦɨu nəŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]men of talent
    資  zī OC: sti MC: tsi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativematerial conditions and qualifications
    伎藝  jì yì OC: ɡreʔ ŋeds MC: giɛ ŋiɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionadvanced skills and talents
    作者  zuò zhě OC: tsaaɡ kljaʔ MC: tsɑk tɕɣɛ 0 Attributions
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 467

      高手，內行，義同“作家”。

      Examples in BIANWEN

      Syntactic words
    • NPexpert, specialist, ace, extraorinarily gifted person (see also 作家)
    有才  yǒu cái OC: ɢʷɯʔ sɡɯɯ MC: ɦɨu dzəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]those who have talent > the talented
    令才  lìng cái OC: ɡ-reŋs sɡɯɯ MC: liɛŋ dzəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureextraordinary talent