HELP    幫助助

TRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
ASSISTAIDLEND A (HELPING) HAND TOGIVE ASSISTANCE TOCOME TO THE AID OFBE OF SERVICE TOBE OF USE TODO SOMEONE A FAVORDO SOMEONE A SERVICEDO SOMEONE A GOOD TURNBAIL SOMEONE OUTCOME TO SOMEONE'S/THE RESCUEGIVE SOMEONE A LEG UPINFORMAL GET SOMEONE OUT OF A TIGHT SPOTSAVE SOMEONE'S BACONSAVE SOMEONE'S SKIN
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general current word for helping someone else to perform a task is probably zhù 助 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hinder") which can refer to support given to men or other creatures. 2. Yuán 援 typically refers to spontaneous unsolicited and enthusiastic help. 3. Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context. 4. Fú 扶 is specifially help to those much in need of support. 5. Yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "act to hinder someone's progress") refers to support for someone who is already fairly well equipped for the task he or she gets support for. 6. Jiǎ 假 refers to - not necessarily overt - discreet support. 7. Zī 資 refers primarily to providing material support, but the word came to have common wider, generalised applications. 8. Jì 濟 refers to acute help for a current difficult task. 9. Yòu 祐 is a very ancient word referring specifically to assistance afforded by supernatural forces.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 14. 輔佐。 ACT AS ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISITANT 輔，通稱。 弼，通過諫諍匡正的方式而佐。 相，力大功大之佐。翊，護衛之佐，有古雅、莊重色彩。 佐，側重於具體事務之助。 佑，帶有偏護意味之佐。贊，帶有開創性之佐。
Modern Chinese Criteria
幫助 is the current modern word for help. 幫忙 refers to loyal assistance. 扶助 focusses on physical support. 協助 focusses on harmonious cooperation. 贊助 focusses on approval as motivation. 援助 (lit) focusses on sustained aid. 臂助 focusses on energetic supportive action. 救助 refers to succour. 匡助 (lit) refers to formal assistance. 輔助 (lit) typically refers to bureaucratic supportive action. 襄助 (lit) refers to formal assistance. 相幫 (lit) refers to loyal help. 幫同 (lit, rare) refers to providing aid. 幫襯 is a dialect word for help. 增援 focusses on help as adding stgrength. 聲援 refers to moral support. 搭手 "give someone a hand" refers to informal help. 援手 (lit) refers verbally as well as nominally to effective help 拉巴 (lit) refers to help and promotion. 誘掖 (lit) refers to help and encouragment. 提掖 (lit) refers to support and guidance. 提攜 (lit) refers to support and guidance. 提挈 (lit) refers nominally to formal assistance. 緩急相助 助我張目 助一臂之力 助 幫 輔 援 說項 refers in a traditional way to putting in a word for someone. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SUPPORT　HELP so as to CAUSE NOT to FALL OR so as to CAUSE to FLOURISH. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
  • BLESS　PRAISE SUPERNATURALLY AND HELP SUPERNATURALLY. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • HINDERSTOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do.
See also
  • SUPPORTHELP so as to CAUSE NOT to FALL OR so as to CAUSE to FLOURISH.
  • ASSISTANTOFFICIAL who is EMPLOYED TO SERVE OR HELP ANOTHER MORE SENIOR OFFICIAL.
Hypernym
  • TRY　ACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING. (anc: 12/0, child: 9)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.58

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 471

    AUXILIUM virium viribus auctio, qvasi d. (dicitur???) auxi alium viribus. Concurrunt ergo 1. agens principale. 2. agens concurrens. 3. opus unum commune, ad qvod efficciendum vires jungunt.

    Vide IUVARE.

    Ax

    1. Qui juvatur, principalis agens est.

    2. Qui juvat, agentem juvat.

    3. Iuvans et juvatus eodem tendunt, alias enim se impedirent.

    4. Iuvans et juvatus pariter se juvant. (Opus, Operarius et Auxiliator propportionata sunt)

    5. Magna negotia magnis egent adjutoribus, multa multis, subtilia subtilibus.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    HELP

    auxilium ferre is to help or come to the rescue of an ally in straits.

    opem ferre is to help someone as a resourceful benefactor.

    iuvare presupposes a person trying to do something and refers to the act of helping him to do so.

    adiuvare is to help someone who is trying to do something.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 308

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    AUXILIUM

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 61

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 70

  • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 157

  • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 57

    AIDE 1b

    (Deployment of) resources R by a helper X to a helpee Y to perform an action Z

    The use by X of his resources R with the aim of causing W to operate as a factor in enabling Y to perform his action Z.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 63

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 16

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 32

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.383.337

    SECOURIR.AIDER.ASSISTER

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.125

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.125

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 82A

    • Words (49 items)

    輔  fǔ OC: baʔ MC: bi̯o 34 Attributions

    Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 毀/DESTROY The current general word for destruction of any kind is huǐ 毀, and what is destroyed may anything from a toy or a house to a state.
    • Assoc: 佐/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.
    • Assoc: 佑/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.
    • Assoc: 保/DEFEND Bǎo 保 is to try to ensure the safety of one's place against a threat from outside.
    • Assoc: 助/HELP The most general current word for helping someone else to perform a task is probably zhù 助 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hinder") which can refer to support given to men or other creatures.
    • Synon: 佐/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsupport, help
    • v[adN]helper
    • viactbe of help, be helpful; be in a position to be of help
    • vtoNto help; be of use to; to support (normally rulers, but occasionally wicked persons or practices); to assist (the exercise of proper government)
    • vtoNpassivebe supported; be helped
    • vtoNreflexive.己help (oneself)
    • vttoN1. prep N2give help N1 to N2CH
    • vttoN{PIVOT}.+N{PRED}help N in doing something or in being such and such
    助  zhù OC:  MC: ɖʐi̯ɤ 32 Attributions

    The most general current word for helping someone else to perform a task is probably zhù 助 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hinder") which can refer to support given to men or other creatures.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 救/RESCUE The current general word for rescuing someone is jiù 救.
    • Contrast: 贊/HELP
    • Assoc: 輔/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Syntactic words
    • nabacthelp, aid, assistance
    • nsubjectthat which helps
    • v[adN]helper, accomplice; assistance; something that helps
    • v[adN]nonreferentialone who helps, supporter
    • vt(oN)offer help to the contextually determinate person(s)
    • vt+V[0]help to, assist to V
    • vtoNaid; help (Heaven to do evil); support; give moral support
    • vtoN.+VV in aid of N
    • vtoNcontinuousbe in general of help to
    • vtoNderivedsupport and strengthen a natural processCH
    • vtoNpassivebe given support
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]to help (a contextually determinate object) to do something
    • vttoN.+V[0]pivotto help (somebody or something) to do something
    佐  zuǒ OC: skaals MC: tsɑ 31 Attributions

    Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 輔/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.
    • Synon: 輔/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]an aide
    • vtoNhelp with (the charioteering); assist in (government) assist in an official capacity (as aide, a person of superior status); ZHOULI: assist (the king) [support][CA]
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]help the contextually determinate N to V
    • vttoN.+V[0]help N to V
    資  zī OC: sti MC: tsi 26 Attributions

    Zī 資 refers primarily to providing material support, but the word came to have common wider, generalised applications.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-V{NUM}featurehelpful elements; helpful acts, acts of kindness;
    • nabactsupport, help; also: helpful abstract elements
    • v[adN]N=humanhelperCH
    • vibe helpfulCH
    • vt+prep+Ngive aid to
    • vtoNprovide support for, lend substantial support; help; supply the necessities for, give sustenance to, support
    • vtoNsubject superior to object: aid, supportCH
    • vtoNpassivebe supported, gain support
    • vtoNreflexive.自help (oneself)
    援  yuàn OC: ɢʷans MC: ɦiɛn 14 Attributions

    Yuán 援 typically refers to spontaneous unsolicited and enthusiastic help.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactgenerous help and support
    • v[adN]helper; supporting force
    • vadNsupporting; supportive
    • viactseek help (abroad)
    • vt(oN)help the contextually determinate N
    • vtoNoffer generous help; get generous help from
    贊  zàn OC: tsaans MC: tsɑn 13 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 助/HELP The most general current word for helping someone else to perform a task is probably zhù 助 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hinder") which can refer to support given to men or other creatures.

      Syntactic words
    • nabacthelp
    • vtoNgive generous support; (often said of Heaven) give succour to
    • vtoNobject=taskassist in, be of help in (a task)
    補  bǔ OC: paaʔ MC: puo̝ 11 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 害/DAMAGE By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit").
    • Ant: 害/DAMAGE By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit").
    • Contrast: 益/HELP Yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "act to hinder someone's progress") refers to support for someone who is already fairly well equipped for the task he or she gets support for.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsupport, help
    • vt+prep+Nbe of help toCH
    • vtoNto provide (somebody) with material help in order to cover shortages; to supplement (something)
    • vtoNfigurativesupplementCH
    濟  jì OC: tsiils MC: tsei 8 Attributions

    Jì 濟 refers to acute help for a current difficult task.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNancillary; helping; supporting
    • vtoNhelp across a river> help to overcome a difficult situation, give succour to; help towards, contribute towards BUDDH: save, liberate
    • vtoNpassiveget helped out of a difficult situation
    匡  kuāng OC: khʷaŋ MC: khi̯ɐŋ 7 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 救/RESCUE The current general word for rescuing someone is jiù 救.
    • Assoc: 濟/HELP Jì 濟 refers to acute help for a current difficult task.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNassist; act as an assistant to; help out; come to the aid to
    扶  fú OC: ba MC: bi̯o 6 Attributions

    Fú 扶 is specifially help to those much in need of support.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)help a contextually determinate person
    • vt+V[0]help to rise
    • vtoNcause/enable someone to lean on one> give one's support to, lend support to
    相  xiàng OC: sqaŋs MC: si̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNassist importantly; act as an important assistant to
    • vtoNderivedsupport aestheticallyCH
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]help the implicit N to V
    被  bèi OC: bralʔ MC: biɛ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhelp, support
    振  zhèn OC: kljɯns MC: tɕin
    振  zhēn OC: kljɯn MC: tɕin 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhelp out; aid and abet
    益  yì OC: qleɡ MC: ʔiɛk 4 Attributions

    Yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "act to hinder someone's progress") refers to support for someone who is already fairly well equipped for the task he or she gets support for.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe of help, have a positive function
    • vtoNcontribute to, help towards; to benefit
    奉  fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhelp and serve
    • vtoNN=acthelp with (an activity)
    救度  jiù dù OC: kus ɡ-laaɡs MC: kɨu duo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)omBUDDH: help to cross over (to the shore of nirvāṇa) > save, liberate
    介  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabacthelp, support; Grand Ricci: Aider; seconder; accompagner. Aide; assistant; protection; secours.
    • VPttoN1. N2support N1 with N2, help N1 by bestowing N2 on N1; archaic (SHI)LZ
    施與  shī yǔ OC: lʰal k-laʔ MC: ɕiɛ ji̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactgenerosity in giving to the poor
    • VPtoNgive succour to, give generous aid to
    周  zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN=賙 succour, help
    救  jiù 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsave from failure, helpLZ
    化度  huà dù OC: hŋʷraals ɡ-laaɡs MC: hɣɛ duo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNBUDDH: to help, to liberate through instruction, to teach and thereby lead somebody to liberation
    賑濟  zhèn jì OC: kljɯns tsiils MC: tɕin tsei 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNprovide aid and sustenance to
    翼  yì OC: p-lɯɡ MC: jɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsupport
    資給  zī jǐ OC: sti krub MC: tsi kip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhelp and give sustenance to
    加被  jiā bèi OC: kraal bralʔ MC: kɣɛ biɛ 1 Attribution
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 178

      Syntactic words
    • NPabactsupport, help, assisstance (this is an elevated expression and the subject is usually the Buddha; there are several examples in BIANWEN)
    • VPtoNhelp, assisst, support, add power to (this is an elevated expression and the subject is usually the Buddha; there are several examples in BIANWEN)
    輔佐  fǔ zuǒ OC: baʔ skaals MC: bi̯o tsɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsupport and help
    佐贊  zuǒ zàn OC: skaals tsaans MC: tsɑ tsɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Nassist somebody, help
    佐輔  zuǒ fǔ OC: skaals baʔ MC: tsɑ bi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhelp, assisst (somebody)
    輔相  fǔ xiàng OC: baʔ sqaŋs MC: bi̯o si̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPagentsenior political leaders, political supporters
    • VPtoNassist (somebody) (the exercise of proper government); support (somebody)
    交  jiāo OC: kreew MC: kɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactmutual help; relations of cooperation
    佑  yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 1 Attribution

    Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 輔/HELP Zuǒ 佐, yòu 佑 (deriving their meaning from the position of aides near the ruler), and also fǔ 輔 refer to official assistance in a formal context.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhelp
    調護  tiáo hù MC: dew huH OC: dɯɯw ɢʷaaɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsubordinate helping action; subordinate serviceCH
    弼  bì OC: brɯd MC: bit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNassist (as minister a ruler)
    旁  páng OC: baaŋ MC: bɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n[adN]helper by one's side
    濟度  jì dù OC: tsiils ɡ-laaɡs MC: tsei duo̝
    濟渡  jì dù OC: tsiils ɡ-laaɡs MC: tsei duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)omBUDDH: cause to cross over (to the other shore, i.e. nirvāṇa) > help; liberate; save (sentient beings)
    毗  pí OC: bi MC: bi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto help; assist; support; strengthen
    廣濟  guǎng jì OC: kʷaaŋʔ tsiils MC: kɑŋ tsei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiacthelp creatures on a large scale
    佐助  zuǒ zhù OC: skaals MC: tsɑ ɖʐi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)(+N2)omhelp/assisst a contextually determinate person with something
    瘳  chōu OC: kh-ru MC: ʈhɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vicure> avail, be of help
    續  xù MC: zjowk OC: sɢloɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcompensate for shortcomings of, helpCH
    翰  hàn OC: ɡaans MC: ɦɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsupport
    裨輔  bì fǔ OC: pe baʔ MC: piɛ bi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhelp
    左右  zuǒ yòu OC: skaalʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: tsɑ ɦɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNassist See Yijing and GY: 左右之
    假  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 0 Attributions

    Jiǎ 假 refers to - not necessarily overt - discreet support.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto help (gain power); to aid indirectly
    右  yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNaid 天右之 "Heaven helped them"
    幫  bāng OC: paaŋ MC: pɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]post-Han: helper
    • vtoNhelp
    度  dù OC: ɡ-laaɡs MC: duo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    毗  pí MC: bjij OC: -- 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhelpCH
    祐  yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 0 Attributions

    Yòu 祐 is a very ancient word referring specifically to assistance afforded by supernatural forces.

      Syntactic words