PERFECT 完美至
COMPLETELY AND INTENSELY EXCELLENT.
Antonym
- DEFECTBAD FEATURE in something GOOD OR LACK of a DESIRED GOOD FEATURE.
Hypernym
- EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
See also
- ACHIEVECOMPLETE a DIFFICULT ACT.
- COMPLETEACT out OR PRODUCE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME WHOLE.
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Jí 極 refers to the attainment of an ultimate point or an ultimate stage.
3. Jué 絕 focusses on the comparative aspect of excelling all others.
4. Yōu 優 (ant. liè 劣 "very inferior") focusses on the comparative aspect of excelling most others.
5. Quán 全 (ant. cán 殘 "seriously deficient") focusses on the complete presence of some conditions of excellence.
Modern Chinese Criteria
精
完善
完備
完美
絕妙
十全
盡善盡美
完美無瑕
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /
- Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka
(
APRESJAN 2004)
p.
1083 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
PERFECTIO
- Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache
(
MAUTHNER WP 1924)
p.
III.372 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
11.1115 VOLLKOMMENHEIT
- Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy
(
ZHANG DAINIAN 2002)
p.
179 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
405 - The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(
BORCHERT 2005)
p.
PERFECTION
- Ästhetische Grundbegriffe
(
BARCK 2010)
p.
6.367
Words
至 zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 68 AttributionsWD
The current general word for ultimate perfection is zhì 至 (ant.* liè 劣 "very inferior").
- Word relations
- Epithet: 言/SPEAK
Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalthe ultimate point; the perfect state
- nabsubj=nonhumanthe ultimate point, the extreme manifestation
- plurthose who reach perfection, people who reach perfection
- vadNsupreme, perfect, consummate
- vadNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
- vadNsuperlativebest, superlative; most perfectCH
- vadVextremely, perfectly, ultimately (well-governed etc), consummately
- vadVsupremelyCH
- vadV.adNperfectly 至治之國
- vibe perfect; ultimate; truly perfect
- vichangereach perfection
全 quán OC: sɡon MC: dziɛn 35 AttributionsWD
Quán 全 (ant. cán 殘 "seriously deficient") focusses on the complete presence of some conditions of excellence.
- Word relations
- Synon: 大/INTENSELY
Yǐ 已 and dà 大 refer to an extreme degree. See also EXCESSIVE - Oppos: 曲/SMALL
- Syntactic words
- nab.post-Nstativeperfection, completeness, wholeness; perfect success
- vadNcompletely well-developed
- vadVperfectly, utterly
- vibe perfectly present; be comprehensively developed; be in perfect shape
- vt+prep+Nbe wholly and perfectly devoted to being (a minister)
- vtoNcausativecause to be completely perfect, cause to be completely impeccable, develop to complete perfection
- vtoNpsychperfect (oneself)
- vtoNputativeconsider something as being perfect; understand that something is perfectDS
無上 wú shàng OC: ma ɡljaŋs MC: mi̯o dʑi̯ɐŋ
无上 wú shàng OC: ma ɡljaŋs MC: mi̯o dʑi̯ɐŋ 16 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNfigurativeBUDDH: unsurpassed > supreme [SK]
極 jí OC: ɡɯɡ MC: gɨk 9 AttributionsWD
Jí 極 refers to the attainment of an ultimate point or an ultimate stage.
- Syntactic words
- nabfeaturepoint of highest perfectionCH
- vadNextremely accomplished, ultimate
- vadV.adNperfectly, consummately
- viachieve ultimate perfection
- vtoNcausativecause to be perfect; to perfect
- vttoN1 prep N2bring N1 to perfection in N2CH
最上 zuì shàng OC: skoods ɡljaŋs MC: tsɑi dʑi̯ɐŋ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNsupreme
六度 liù dù OC: ɡ-ruɡ ɡ-laaɡs MC: luk duo̝ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: the Six Perfections of a Bodhisattva (六波羅蜜); SANSKRIT pāramitā
無比 wú bǐ OC: ma piʔ MC: mi̯o pi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe unmatched
- VPpostadVbeyond compare, in an unequalled way
圓 yuán OC: ɢon MC: ɦiɛn 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 明/CLEAR
The most general standard and clearly dominant word for things that are easily accessible to the intellect and to the senses is míng 明 (ant. hūn 昏 "unclear").
- Syntactic words
- vadNcircle-like > perfect
- viround like a circle :> perfect
圓滿 yuán mǎn OC: ɢon mboonʔ MC: ɦiɛn mʷɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNperfect
- VPiactachieve perfection
無雙 wú shuāng OC: ma srooŋ MC: mi̯o ʂɣɔŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe unequalled
- VPpostadVto an unequalled degree
究竟 jiū jìng OC: kus kraŋs MC: kɨu kɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- 佛經詞語匯釋 Fójīng cíyǔ huìshì The Translation of the Vocabulary of Buddhist Sūtras
(
LI WEIQI 2004)
p.
179-183
- Syntactic words
- NPabthe ultimate, perfection, ultimate state, state of perfection
- VPadNultimate, perfected (BUDDH. translations)
- VPadVcompletely, utterly
- VPtoNcausativecause to be perfect > perfect, bring to perfection, bring to completion (BUDDH. translations)
到 dào OC: k-laaws MC: tɑu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vihave reached to perfect stage
蓋世 gài shì OC: kaabs lʰebs MC: kɑi ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe recognised as perfect throughout the world
不思議 bù sī yì OC: pɯʔ snɯ ŋrals MC: pi̯ut sɨ ŋiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVunimaginably perfectly
- VPibe unimaginably perfect
若波羅蜜多 rě bō luó mì mì OC: njaʔ paal b-raal mbiɡ k-laal MC: ȵɣɛ pʷɑ lɑ mit tɑ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: perfection of wisdom (of a Bodhisattva); SANSKRIT prajñāpāramitā
幾 jī MC: kj+j OC: kɯlLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viexhaustive, perfect (XUN and ZHUANG, of knowledge)LZ
周密 zhōu mì MC: tsyuw mit OC: tjɯw mbriɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPithoroughLZ
全盡 quán jìn MC: dzjwen dzinX OC: sɡon dzinʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)causativemake the contextually determinate N perfectly developedLZ
優 yōu OC: qu MC: ʔɨu 0 AttributionsWD
Yōu 優 (ant. liè 劣 "very inferior") focusses on the comparative aspect of excelling most others.
- Syntactic words
- nabfeatureexcellence in comparison with others
絕 jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 0 AttributionsWD
Jué 絕 focusses on the comparative aspect of excelling all others.
- Syntactic words
- vadNof outstanding quality
- vadVperfectly 絕美 "be of perfect beauty".
六波羅蜜 liù bō luó mì OC: ɡ-ruɡ paal b-raal mbiɡ MC: luk pʷɑ lɑ mit 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the Six Perfections of a Bodhisattva (another current term is liùdù 六度; for rather unconvential descrptions of the Six Perfections see sources, LANKA, QIXINLUN, JINGANG SANMEI JING, SIYIJING); SANSKRIT pāramitā
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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