FIGHT  爭鬥爭

COMPETE with THINGS OR PERSONS so as to TRY TO DAMAGE OR DESTROY MUTUALLY:each-other.
STRUGGLEBRAWLEXCHANGE BLOWSATTACK EACH OTHERASSAULT EACH OTHERHIT EACH OTHERPUNCH EACH OTHERSTRUGGLEGRAPPLEWRESTLEINFORMAL SCRAPHAVE A SET-TOROUGHHOUSEENGAGE IN FISTICUFFS
Hypernym
  • COMPETEINTERACT with OTHERS so as to SHOW that one is MORE EXCELLENT IN-RELATION-TO them.
    • INTERACTACT so as to CAUSE ANOTHER TO REACT.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
See also
  • CONFLICTCOMPETE AND DISAGREE ENDURINGLY so as to SHOW HATRED.
    Hyponym
    • WARFARE　FIGHT BETWEEN ARMIES.
      • BATTLE　WARFARE in the form of FIGHTING AND USE of WEAPONS DURING A DEFINED SHORT PERIOD, AND where TYPICALLY ONE ARMY WINS.
    • QUARREL　FIGHT USING SPEECH.
      • DUEL　RITUALISED FIGHT USING WEAPONS BETWEEN TWO HUMANS BECAUSE of the SHAME CAUSED BY ONE having OFFENED the OTHER, BECAUSE of HONOUR.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current general word for any form of conflict or competition is zhēng 爭 (ant. ràng 讓 "give polite precedence to"). However, the word specifically focusses on competition rather than physical violence.

        2. Dòu 鬥, ōu 毆 and the rarer bó 搏 (ant. què 卻 "withdraw from conflict") refer to physical interpersonal violence and struggle.

        3. Jìng 競 (ant. tuì 退 "withdraw from conflict") refers to intense competiton.

        4. Shì fēi 是非 refers to a primarily non-physical verbal conflict, but in extended usage it can refer to any political dissension or conflict.

        5. Fèn 奮 refers to a fierce physical strugge, often for a higher aim.

        6. Zhàn 戰 (ant. hé 和 "make peace; hold the peace") normally refers to armed conflict (see BATTLE) but the word can occasionally refer to an inner struggle in one's chest: zwei Seelen wohnen, ach, in meiner Brust.

        NB: Dāng 當 can refer to facing an opponent in battle, and the word is marginal in this group.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        打架

        對打

        爭鬥

        搏鬥

        格鬥

        抓撓

        動手

        動武

        交手

        上陣

        交鋒

        廝殺 refers to serious fighting at close quarters, not necessarily in the context of a war.

        打

        鬥

        大打出手

        拿刀動杖

        動刀動槍

        周旋到底

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 53

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.11

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          FIGHT?STRUGGLE

          pugnare refers to fighting out a conflict by the use of violence, typically by the use of arms.

          confligere refers to the entering of a violent typically armed conflict.

          dimicare refers to the fighting out of a conflict between individuals, with emphasis, perhaps on the defensive side, and quite typically between two individuals who have made a formal decision to settle a conflict by a somewhat formalised fight.

          digladiari refers to fighting out an individual conflict, particularly by individuals wielding swords or daggers.

        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 215

          Hahnenkampf:

        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 239

          Stierkampf:

        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 764

          Kampf etc:

        • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 810

          Tierkampf:

        • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 161

        • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 148

        • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 107

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.99.75

          BATTAILLE.COMBAT

        • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no. 26

        Words

        戰  zhàn OC: tjans MC: tɕiɛn 23 AttributionsWD

        Zhàn 戰 (ant. hé 和 "make peace; hold the peace") normally refers to armed conflict (see BATTLE) but the word can occasionally refer to an inner struggle in one's chest: zwei Seelen wohnen, ach, in meiner Brust.

          Word relations
        • Result: 勝/WIN The current general word for winning or gaining the upper hand in any way, including warfare, is shèng 勝 (ant. bài 敗 "be defeated").
        • Assoc: 鬥/FIGHT Dòu 鬥, ōu 毆 and the rarer bó 搏 (ant. què 卻"withdraw from conflict") refer to physical interpersonal violence and struggle.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactviolent conflict; going to battle; fighting it out; warfare
        • vadNdesigned for fighting
        • vi2engage in military work; (abstract:) be in conflict with each other; engage in military struggles
        • viactgive battle
        • vtoNfight the NDS
        • vtoNcausativecause to fight each other
        • vtpost-.VtoNagainstfight against
        • vtpost-.VtoN為“for” Nfight (for N)CH
        爭  zhēng OC: skreeŋ MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ 21 AttributionsWD

        The current general word for any form of conflict or competition is zhēng 爭 (ant. ràng 讓 "give polite precedence to"). However, the word specifically focusses on competition rather than physical violence.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 奪/TAKE Duó 奪 is to take by force or threat of force.
        • Assoc: 鬥/FIGHT Dòu 鬥, ōu 毆 and the rarer bó 搏 (ant. què 卻"withdraw from conflict") refer to physical interpersonal violence and struggle.
        • Oppos: 守/DEFEND The standard word for defending a place is shǒu 守 (ant. gōng 攻 "attack").

          Syntactic words
        • nabactstruggle; wrangling; competition
        • vadVthrough struggle, competitively
        • viactengage in competition; engage in struggle; engage in a fight
        • vt(oN)passiveobject=issue: get fought overCH
        • vtoNfight against, compete with; fight to subdue (a disease etc)
        • vtoNobject=issuequarrel about (a contentious issue) sometimes written 諍
        • vtoVfight to be able to VCH
        • vtpost.Vt(oN)quarrel with the contextually determinate N
        鬥  dòu OC: toos MC: tu 20 AttributionsWD

        Dòu 鬥, ōu 毆 and the rarer bó 搏 (ant. què 卻"withdraw from conflict") refer to physical interpersonal violence and struggle.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 爭/FIGHT The current general word for any form of conflict or competition is zhēng 爭 (ant. ràng 讓 "give polite precedence to"). However, the word specifically focusses on competition rather than physical violence.
        • Assoc: 戰/FIGHT Zhàn 戰 (ant. hé 和 "make peace; hold the peace") normally refers to armed conflict (see BATTLE) but the word can occasionally refer to an inner struggle in one's chest: zwei Seelen wohnen, ach, in meiner Brust.
        • Assoc: 訟/LITIGATE The general word for any lawsuit of any kind is sòng 訟.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactfisticuffs; squabble; strife, physical fight
        • vadNfighting 鬥士
        • vi2actwrestle, engage in fighting
        • vt+Nfight for power
        • vt1.postvt2+Nfight against N, struggle with N
        • vtoNfight literally, pick a fight
        鬭  dòu MC: tuwH OC: toosCH 17 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactfighting, fightsLZ
        • vibe given to fighting; be ever ready to fightCH
        • vt(oN)= 鬥鬬鬭 fight back against the contextually determinate NCH
        • vt1post.vt2oN與之鬥 fight with; 為我鬭 fight forLZ
        • vt[oN]N=othersfight against othersCH
        • vtoNcausativecause N to fightDS
        出死  chū sǐ OC: khljud pliʔ MC: tɕhʷit si 7 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactgo out into battle to death> fight to death, take the initiative to risk one's life in battle
        搏  bó OC: paaɡ MC: pɑk 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt(oN)pick a fight with the contextually determinate NCH
        • vtoNwrestle (with one's bare hands); beat, strike; fight for
        • vtpost-.與+N{OBJ}wrestle, fightLZ
        當  dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 4 AttributionsWD

        Dāng 當 can refer to facing an opponent in battle, and the word is marginal in this group.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNface in battle; face in battle with hope of success
        格  gé OC: kraaɡ MC: kɣɛk 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactput up a fight
        • vtoNfight with NDS
        戰鬥  zhàn dòu OC: tjans toos MC: tɕiɛn tu 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactthe fighting of wars
        • VPiactengage in warfare
        奮  fèn OC: pɯns MC: pi̯un 2 AttributionsWD

        Fèn 奮 refers to a fierce physical strugge, often for a higher aim.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactfighting; conflict
        • vibe full of energetic fighting spirit
        • viactfight desperately, struggle fiercely
        對  duì OC: k-luubs MC: tuo̝i 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNresultstave off, fend off, deal with in a fight
        死  sǐ OC: pliʔ MC: si 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vifight to the death
        與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNtake on (as an opponent), engage in conflict with (an opponent)
        軍  jūn OC: kun MC: ki̯un 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • viactengage in military activity, put up a military fight
        鬩  xì OC:  MC: hek 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactcantankerousness
        • viactquarrel
        奮死  fèn sǐ OC: pɯns pliʔ MC: pi̯un si 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiactfight unto death, fight so as to risk death
        強爭  qiáng zhēng OC: ɡaŋ skreeŋ MC: gi̯ɐŋ ʈʂɣɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNfight with all one's might against
        爭鬥  zhēng dòu OC: skreeŋ toos MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ tu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadNintensitivequarrelsome, conflict-ridden
        相撲  xiāng pū OC: sqaŋ phooɡ MC: si̯ɐŋ phuk 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VP[adN]unmarked subject nominalisation: (those who) box each other > boxers / wrestlers(?)
        囚殺  qiú shā MC: zjuw sreat OC: lju sreedCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPiacttry to control each other violently; be at each other's throatsCH
        毆  ōu OC: qooʔ MC: ʔu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNstart fisticuffs with
        競  jìng OC: ɡreŋs MC: gɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD

        Jìng 競 (ant. tuì 退 "withdraw from conflict") refers to intense competiton.

          Syntactic words
        鏖  āo OC: quu MC: ʔɑu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNrare: engage in a violent struggle, fight with all one's might
        格鬥  gé dòu OC: kraaɡ toos MC: kɣɛk tu 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVfighting
        • VPifight hand to hand
        爭競  zhēng jìng OC: skreeŋ ɡreŋs MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ gɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPifight, struggle

        Existing SW for

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