Taxonomy of meanings for 石:
- shí (OC: djaɡ MC: dʑiɛk) 常隻切 入
廣韻：【釋名曰山體爲石亦州名秦伐趙取離石周因邑以名州又姓左傳有衞大夫石碏又漢複姓二氏孔子弟子有石作蜀何氏姓苑有石牛氏常隻切七 】
- small> STONE
- nstone; rockrocks
- n{PRED}(be a) stone; be a rock
- nmadNmade of stone; made up of rock
- nmstone (material)LZ
- n(military) stone projectilesCH
- NEEDLE
- nstone needle
- salient quality of> HARD
- nadNstone-hard and insensitive
- salient quality of> STERILE
- nadNsterile
- STONE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
- npluralstone instruments; musical stones 擊石 "knock/play stone instruments"
- also read dàn VOLUME MEASURES
- large> ROCK
- nrock
- read dàn, grammaticalised> WEIGHT MEASURES
- none stone (measure of weight) equivalent to one 斛 "bushel" or ten 斗 "dippers" of rice etc. [anciently not necessarily dan4]
- npost-V{NUM}.adNNUM dàns of NDS
- npost-V{NUM}.postadNNUM "stones" of NDS
- small> STONE
Additional information about 石
說文解字: 【石】，山石也。在厂之下，囗，象形。凡石之屬皆从石。 【常隻切】
- Criteria
- SCALES
1. General word for scales is chèng 秤 / 稱, which occurs already in LSCQ. It refers to the whole implement, i.e. both to the weighing rod and the weight. Today, typical Chinese lever scales consists of the weighing rod and the weight suspended from it. The thing to be weighed is put on the bowl hanged down from the one end of the weighing beam, and its weight is determined by moving the weight till balance between the weight and weighed thing is reached. It seems that this type of scales came to be used only in Tang times. Scales known from the Warring States period consists of the wooden stick with two small bronze bowls suspended from its both sides; the things to be weighed were put on one bowl and weights on the other.
2. Héng 衡 refers to the whole of the weighing contraption, the scales, but the term does not include a weight.
3. Quán 權 refers to the weight. Weights known from the Warring States period are usually made of bronze. According to the late Warring States and Han texts, they were divided into five categories - zhū 銖, liǎng 兩, jīn 斤, jūn 鈞, and shí 石 - but it should be noted that situation was more complicated, and in Warring States times weights differred from state to state.
4. Chuí 錘 refers to the weight. According to FANG YAN, in Han times the word was used in the area of ancient states of Lu and Song; later it came to be used as general word for the weight.
5. Quán 銓, when used in the meaning "scales" is synonymous with chèng 秤, but the word is rare.
- MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
1. Perhaps the most current traditional general term for musical instruments is bā yīn 八音.
2. Jīn shí 金石 refers not only to bells and stone chimes, but can apparently refer more generally and collectively to musical instruments.
3. Zhōng gǔ 鐘鼓 can be used to refer collectively to musical instruments and not specifically to bells and drums only.
4. Yuè 樂 is occasionally used to refer to musical instruments, as in the phrase zhū yuè 諸樂 "the various musical instruments".
- STONE
1. The general word for a stone is shí 石.
2. Pán 磐 refers to a boulder.
3. Lì 礫 refers to a pebble.
- COAL
1. The standard word for charcoal is tàn 炭.
Current post-Buddhist words for coal were 石煤，石墨，石炭. Méi tàn 煤炭 is first attested in Sòng times.
- METAL
1. Jīn 金 in antiquity usually refers to metal, concretely to bronze or copper.
2. Shuǐ yín 水銀 refers to mercury.
3. Cí shí 慈石 refers to a magnet.
4. Yè 鍱 also refers to an ore.
5. Xiǎn 銑 refers to any shiny metal.
6. Gāng 鋼 refers to steel.
7. Xī 錫 refers to tin.
8. 鏤 is another term for a steel.
9. Zhù 鉒 refers to an ore.