FAKE  偽造矯

CREATE SOMETHING WHICH PRETENDS TO BE WHAT IT IS NOT.
FORGECOUNTERFEITFALSIFYMOCK UPCOPYPIRATEREPRODUCEREPLICATEDOCTORALTERTAMPER WITH
Antonym
Hypernym
  • CREATEPRODUCE something BELIEVING that it has NEVER BEEN PRODUCED BEFORE.
    • PRODUCEACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for faking something is jiǎo 矯 and the typical focus is on fraudulence involved.

2. Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 ) focusses on the artificiality rather than natural or proper provenance of the product.

3. Xū 虛 (ant. shí 實 ) focusses on the insubstantiality of the product, and the word is normally used adnominally.

NB: Jiǎ 假 (ant. zhēn 真 ) focusses on something standing in for something else that is the genuine thing, but this usage was late to develop (HOUHANSHU).

Modern Chinese Criteria
捏造

偽造

編造

假造

捏合

杜撰

虛構

造

無中生有

向壁虛構

虛假

虛偽

假

虛

山寨

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

Attributions by syntactic funtion

  • vtoN : 9
  • vi : 8
  • vadN : 8
  • nab : 5
  • n : 4
  • vadV : 2
  • VPadV : 1
  • vtoN : 1
  • VPadN : 1

Attributions by text

  • 法句經 : 5
  • 韓非子 : 5
  • 淮南子 : 4
  • 戰國策 : 3
  • 春秋左傳 : 2
  • 莊子 : 2
  • 阮籍集四卷 : 2
  • 論衡 : 2
  • 妙法蓮華經 : 2
  • 楚辭 : 2
  • 文選 : 1
  • 墨子 : 1
  • 尚書 : 1
  • 禮記 : 1
  • 賢愚經 : 1
  • 百喻經 : 1
  • 臨濟錄 : 1
  • 翻譯名義集 : 1
  • 史記 : 1
  • 祖堂集 : 1

Words

偽  wěi OC: ŋgʷals MC: ŋiɛ 13 AttributionsWD

Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真) focusses on the artificiality rather than natural or proper provenance of the product.

    Word relations
  • Ant: 信/TRUE Xìn 信 (ant. zhà 詐 "fraudulent and not reliable") refers prototypically to reliablity as information.
  • Ant: 情/TRUE
  • Ant: 真/GENUINE The general dominant word for something being not artificial or fake is zhēn 真(ant. wěi 偽 "fake"), but I find is important that the word never seems to apply to negative concepts as in English "genuine hatred".
  • Contrast: 華/BEAUTIFUL Huá 華"of striking and colourful beauty" (ant. sú 俗 "vulgar") focusses on flourishing and flamboyant superficial or only apparent beauty, on the analogy analogy with that of flowers. [ARTIFICIAL], [ELEVATED], NON-HUMAN], [SUPERFICIAL]
  • Synon: 姦/FAKE

    Syntactic words
  • nabconceptlack of genuineness, falseness, faked nature
  • nsubj=nonhumanwhat is fake
  • vadNartificial; pretended; fake, faked; pretending; faking
  • vibe fake; be artificial
  • vttoN1. N2fake for N1 an N2CH
矯  jiǎo OC: krewʔ MC: kiɛu 11 AttributionsWD

The current general word for faking something is jiǎo 矯 and the typical focus is on fraudulence involved.

    Syntactic words
  • vadNfaked
  • viactcommit an act of faking
  • vtoNfake; alter willfully
假  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 4 AttributionsWD

jiǎ 假 (ant. zhēn 真) focusses on something standing in for something else that is the genuine thing, but this usage was late to develop (HOUHANSHU).

    Syntactic words
  • nabpassivefakenessCH
  • vadNfake, shamBUDDH: fake and provisional; belonging to the wordly truth (as opposed to 真 )
  • vadVbuddhistfalsely > provisionally (>as an expedient means) (pertaining to the relative truth) ant. to 實
  • vtoNmake up artificially, create with one's imaginationCH
虛  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD

Xū 虛 (ant. shí 實) focusses on the insubstantiality of the product, and the word is normally used adnominally.

    Syntactic words
  • vadNbe not genuine, be false; be fake; be dishonest
  • vadVin a fake way; emptily, falselyCH
  • vifake
像  xiàng OC: sɢlaŋʔ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vadNfake
姦  jiān OC: kraan MC: kɣan 1 AttributionWD

    Word relations
  • Synon: 偽/FAKE Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真) focusses on the artificiality rather than natural or proper provenance of the product.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNmake vicious fake us of to as to corrupt
為  wěi MC: -- OC: -- 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNfake
贋  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nsubj=nonhumanread yàn (not in Guǎngyùn) fake
鴈  yàn OC: ŋraans MC: ŋɣan
雁  yàn OC: ŋraans MC: ŋɣan 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • virare, HF: be faked
虛假  xū jiǎ OC: qhla kraaʔ MC: hi̯ɤ kɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPadNpretended; fake
虛偽  xū wěi MC: -- -- OC: -- --CH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPadVfalselyCH
技  jì MC: gjeX OC: ɡreʔCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nabartificiality, false display, façadeCH

Existing SW for

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