FAT  肥肥

ABUNDANT in GREASE AND BIG AND HEAVY TYPICALLY BECAUSE of EXCESSIVE EATING. See also GREASE.
PLUMPSTOUTOVERWEIGHTLARGECHUBBYPORTLYFLABBYPAUNCHYPOTBELLIEDBEER-BELLIEDMEATYOF AMPLE PROPORTIONSHEAVYSETOBESECORPULENTFLESHYGROSSINFORMAL PLUS-SIZEDBIG-BONEDTUBBYROLY-POLYWELL-UPHOLSTEREDBEEFYPORKYBLUBBERYCHUNKYPUDGY
Antonym
  • SLIMTHIN AND NOT FAT, of HUMANS AND ANIMALS.
    • THINSMALL in the MOST SMALL DIMENSION.
      Hypernym
      • ABUNDANTHAVE OR BE INTENSELY MANY, TYPICALLY DESIRED, THINGS. 
        • MANYBIG in QUANTITY.
          • BIGOF INTENSE SIZE OR DEGREE IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN.
            • SIZEQUANTITY of a DIMENSION....
      See also
      • AMPLEABUNDANT IN SIZE AND CONTENT
        • GREASESUBSTANCE which is not MUSCLE AND CAUSES one to be FAT OR RESEMBLING SUBSTANCE PRODUCED USING ANIMALS OR PLANTS.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The current general word for sleekness or obesity is féi 肥 (ant. qū 臞 "emaciated", jí 瘠 "thin"), and it must be noted that the term has positive connotations in ancient China.

          2. Tú 腯 refers specifically to feisty fatness of animals.

          3. Zhī 脂 refers to the substance of grease or fat as such. See GREASE.

          4. Fēng 豐 refers occasionally to sleekness and richness as a positive attribute of well-nourished individuals.

          NB: Pàng 胖 refers to obesity with no positive connotations, and emerges probably in YUAN times.

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006

          HUMAN BODY 45.

          肥，指人和動物肉體豐滿。

          胖，指人身體渾然碩大，只用於 “ 心寬體胖 ” 的組合。

          豐，指人面龐和體態的飽滿，程度不及肥、胖。

          腯，鳥獸的肥壯。

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          胖 is the current modern word for fatness.

          肥 refers to fatness meat and the like, and when it refers to humans it is intensitive, meaning "very fat".

          肥胖 is a more formal word for obesity.

          肥壯 refers positively to fatness as a sign of being well-fed.

          肥碩 refers to a high degree of fatness as a sign of being extremely well-fed.

          富胎 refers to obesity as a sign of a very comfortable life.

          肥乎乎 is an endearing expression for obesity.

          胖墩墩 is an endearing expression for obesity, expecially in well-fed children.

          心廣體胖 (prov) refers idiomatically to being psychologically expansive of mind and well-fed of body.

          胖子

          大塊頭

          胖小子

          胖墩兒

          柏油桶

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

            FAT

            pinguis refers to fat, or derogarotirily to that component part of the body that is most without sensation and strength.

            opimus refers positively to fanness as a sign of plenty and good living, opulence.

            obesus refers to fatness as connected with unwieldiness of body.

            corupulentus refers to opulent portliness as connected with fatness.

          • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 485

          • Les métamorphoses du gras : Histoire de l'obésité du Moyen Age au XXe siècle ( VIGARELLO 2010) p.

          • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1157

          • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 6

          Attributions by syntactic funtion

          • vi : 8
          • vadN : 8
          • vtoN : 3
          • VPi : 2
          • nab : 2
          • nm : 2
          • VPadN : 1

          Attributions by text

          • 春秋左傳 : 6
          • 韓非子 : 5
          • 禮記 : 2
          • 孟子 : 2
          • 韓詩外傳 : 2
          • 楚辭 : 2
          • 淮南子 : 1
          • 法句經 : 1
          • 論語 : 1
          • 論衡 : 1
          • 管子 : 1
          • 莊子 : 1
          • 毛詩 : 1

          Words

          肥  féi OC: bul MC: bɨi 20 AttributionsWD

          The current general word for sleekness or obesity is féi 肥 (ant. qū 臞 "emaciated", jí 瘠 "thin") , and it must be noted that the term has positive connotations in ancient China.

            Word relations
          • Ant: 瘠 / 膌/SLIM The most current general word for skinniness is probably jí 瘠/膌 (ant. féi 肥 "fat").
          • Ant: 羸/SLIM Léi 羸 refers to skinniness as a result of famine or of disease.
          • Epithet: 肉/MEAT The current general word for meat as something edible is ròu 肉.
          • Epithet: 馬/HORSE The dominant word for a horse is mǎ 馬.
          • Assoc: 甘/SAVOURY

            Syntactic words
          • nabfeaturesleekness > good condition; prosperous state
          • nabstativestate of sleekness
          • nmfat
          • nmsubjectrich and fat food
          • vadN(primarily of animals, meat etc.) fat, rich; well-fed, sleek
          • vadNmeatfat; greasy
          • vibe fat and rich; occasionally of humans: be sleek
          • vichangeget sleek
          • vtoNcausativecause to grow nice and fat, fatten; make sleek
          腯  tú OC: ɡ-luud MC: duot 2 AttributionsWD

          Tú 腯 refers specifically to feisty fatness of animals.

            Syntactic words
          • viof animals, rare ZUO: be fat
          肥腯  féi tú OC: bul ɡ-luud MC: bɨi duot 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe properly fattened up
          豐  fēng OC: phuŋ MC: phuŋ 1 AttributionWD

          Fēng 豐 refers occasionally to sleekness and richness as a positive attribute of well-nourished individuals.

            Syntactic words
          • vadNrich; well-nourished; well-rounded
          • virich and sleek, well-nourished
          肥饒  féi ráo OC: bul nɢjew MC: bɨi ȵiɛu 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadNfat and juicy
          胖  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD

          NB: Pàng 胖 refers to obesity with no positive connotations, and emerges probably in YUAN times.

            Syntactic words
          • vadN(of body) large and wide, fat, obese
          • vi(of body) large and wide, fat, obese[That word is very late; YUAN ??][CA]WANGLI: 994
          • vichange(of body) become large and wide, become fat, become obese
          脂  zhī OC: kji MC: tɕi 0 AttributionsWD

          Zhī 脂 refers to the substance of grease or fat as such. See GREASE.

            Syntactic words
          腴  yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNrare in pre-Buddhist literature, adj: fat, rich
          肥大  féi dà OC: bul daads MC: bɨi dɑi 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe fat; be very fat
          肥瘠  féi jí OC: bul dzeɡ MC: bɨi dziɛk 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabfeaturerelative obesity
          豐碩  fēng shuò OC: phuŋ djaɡ MC: phuŋ dʑiɛk 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe fat

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