SILENCE    沉默默

LACK SOUND OR SPEECH.
SILENTCOMPLETELY QUIETSTILLHUSHEDINAUDIBLENOISELESSSOUNDLESS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for the failure of humans to speak where they might be expected to speak is mò 默 (ant. yán 言 "speak up"). 2. Jìng 靜 (ant. xiāo 囂 "noisy") is a strongly positively loaded term which refers with approval to the pleasing absence of sound in a natural environment and does not refer to the failure of humans to produce sounds or speak. 3. Jì 寂 (ant. xī rang 熙嚷 "be busy and noisy") is a negatively laden term describing the absence of sound as something making a place desolate.
Modern Chinese Criteria
沉默 默然 靜默 淵默 緘默 禁聲 默 默默無言 默默不語 默不作聲 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
  • SOUNDWHAT CAN be HEARD.
See also
  • PEACEFULDELIGHTFUL BECAUSE ORDERLY AND LACKING CHAOS.
Hypernym
  • LACK　SITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE. (anc: 6/0, child: 48)
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 545; 1155

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.23

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 227

    SILERE TACERE

    Silere refers to making no noise whatever; tacere refers to refraining from speech.

    Inter silere et tacere. Silere ad vocem mutam refertur, tacere ad articulatam.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SILENT

    silere is to be still as opposed to making noises.

    tacere is to be silent as opposed to uttering words.

    reticere refers to a person keeping something that might be said to himself.

    obticere refers to keeping silent when asked to give an opinion, as opposed to answering.

    TACITURN

    taciturnus refers to keeping silent as a habitual practice.

    tacens refers to any oneone who does not currently speak.

    tacitus refers to someone who keeps quite when he might expected to speak.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 171

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    SILENTIUM

    TACITURNITAS

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 43

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.790

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 8.1483

    SCHWEIGEN

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 20

  • Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.371

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 77A

    • Words (26 items)

    默然  mò rán OC: mɯɯɡ njen MC: mək ȵiɛn 34 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVsilently, without saying a word; through silence 默然而
    • VPiactremain silent (not that this is not a state but an action to take), fall silent
    良久  liáng jiǔ OC: ɡ-raŋ klɯʔ MC: li̯ɐŋ kɨu 14 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVhaving kept silent for a good while,...
    • VPiidiomidiomactically in BUDDH texts: be silent for a long while
    默  mò OC: mɯɯɡ MC: mək
    嘿  mò MC: -- OC: -- 12 Attributions

    The current word for the failure of humans to speak where they might be expected to speak is mò 默 (ant. yán 言 "speak up").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 言/SPEAK Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactremaining silent
    • vadVsilently; without any use of words
    • viremain silent (in spite of an expectation or a possibility that one may speak)
    • vi-V{SUFF}remain all silent
    • viimperativeBe silent!
    寂寞  jì mò OC: sɡlɯɯwɡ maaɡ MC: dzek mɑk 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativesilence
    • VPadNsilent, soundless
    • VPadNwhat is/seems muteCH
    • VPiactbe all silent and quiet
    嘿  mò MC: -- OC: -- 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe silent, say nothing; be quiet
    杜口  dù kǒu OC: ɡ-laaʔ khooʔ MC: duo̝ khu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactblock one's mouth > be silent, do not have anything to say
    寂  jì OC: sɡlɯɯwɡ MC: dzek 3 Attributions

    Jì 寂 (ant. xī rang 熙嚷 "be busy and noisy") is a negatively laden term describing the absence of sound as something making a place desolate.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]poeticwhat is deadly dull and mute, what gives off no soundCH
    • vadVsilently, quietly
    • vibe free from sound, be quiet, be serene
    無對  wú duì OC: ma k-luubs MC: mi̯o tuo̝i 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiidiombe unable to give an answer > be silent
    無語  wú yǔ OC: ma ŋaʔ MC: mi̯o ŋi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiidiomhave no words > be unable to say something
    靜漠  jìng mò OC: dzeŋʔ maaɡ MC: dziɛŋ mɑk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativesilence
    闕  què, quē OC: khod MC: khi̯ɐt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactsilence on a matter; failure to comment
    • viintensitiveremain silent
    杜口無言  dù kǒu wú yán OC: ɡ-laaʔ khooʔ ma ŋan MC: duo̝ khu mi̯o ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiidiomblock one's mouth and be without words > be silent, remain totally silent, do not say anything
    無聲  wú shēng OC: ma qjeŋ MC: mi̯o ɕiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabsilenceCH
    • VPiactmake no noise> say nothing
    寂默  jì mò OC: sɡlɯɯwɡ mɯɯɡ MC: dzek mək 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativebe all at quiet ease; be completely quieted down
    默然無言  mò rán wú yán OC: mɯɯɡ njen ma ŋan MC: mək ȵiɛn mi̯o ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactremain silent
    默默  mò mò MC: mok mok OC: mɯɯɡ mɯɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viimperativeBe quiet! Shut up!CH
    嘿然  mo4 rán MC: -- nyen OC: -- njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi= mo4rán 默然: remain silentLZ
    不語  bù yǔ OC: pɯʔ ŋaʔ MC: pi̯ut ŋi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiinchoativefall silent
    闕如  què, quē rú OC: khod nja MC: khi̯ɐt ȵi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitiveremain quite silent
    隱  yǐn OC: qɯnʔ MC: ʔɨn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vikeep silent; be taciturn; make few words
    靜  jìng MC: dzjengX OC: dzeŋʔ 0 Attributions

    Jìng 靜 (ant. xiāo 囂 "noisy") is a strongly positively loaded term which refers with approval to the pleasing absence of sound in a natural environment and does not refer to the failure of humans to produce sounds or speak.

      Syntactic words
    • nabsubjectstillness, tranquility DELETE
    • vibe calm and free from sound
    嗼  mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vikeep silent; still
    噤  jìn OC: ɡrɯms MC: gim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vikeep silent (because of external circumstances)
    • vtoNkeep (the mouth) shut
    寞  mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk
    漠  mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 0 Attributions

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    寥  liáo OC: ɡ-rɯɯw MC: leu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe silent and deserted, and at the same time vast
    寂寥  jì liáo OC: sɡlɯɯwɡ ɡ-rɯɯw MC: dzek leu 0 Attributions

    vast, empty and silent

      Syntactic words
    • VPibe vast, empty and silent