YOUNG  年輕幼

Of SMALL AGE.
YOUTHFULJUVENILEJUNIORADOLESCENTTEENAGEIN THE SPRINGTIME OF LIFEIN ONE'S SALAD DAYS
Antonym
  • OLDOf BIG AGE OR having EXISTED for an ENDURING PERIOD.
    • SENIOROLD IN-RELATION-TO ANOTHER.
      • ADULTHUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME.
        Hypernym
        • AGEPERIOD a CREATURE has been LIVE:alive in the PAST. 
          • PERIODTIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS.
            • TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
              • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
        See also
        • SMALLLACK BIGNESS IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The current general "absolute" word for tender youth is yòu 幼 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up"), and this word refers to young age of animals, as well as humans.

          2. Zhì 稚 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up") refers "absolutely" to young age in humans, but the word came to refer to young age in animals as well at later stages from Song times onwards.

          3. Shào 少 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up") is a comparative term and refers specifically to relatively young age in humans; note that a person remains shào 少 "junior" (ant. zhǎng 長 "senior") in respect to elders until he is very old indeed.

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006

          HUMAN AFFAIRS 35. YOUNGER IN FAMILY 排行在後。

          仲，排行第二，可作字。

          叔，排行第三，可作字；亦泛指排行在後的眾弟兄。

          季，排行第四，泛指最小的，可作名或字。

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          幼小

          幼稚

          幼

          稚

          弱

          雛

          子

          仔

          乳

          嫩

          年輕

          後生

          青春

          少相

          少壯

          正當年

          血氣方剛

          膂力方剛

          年輕氣盛

          青春年少

          含苞欲放

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.14

          • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

            YOUNG

            iuventa refers to the season of youth as such.

            iuventus refers to a collection of young persons.

            Iuventas is the goddess of youth.

            JUVENILE

            iuvenalis refers positively to what pertains to young age rather than old age and decrepitude.

            iuvenilis refers negatively to what pertains to young age as opposed to maturity.

          • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

            ADOLESCENTIA, IUVENTUS

          • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.107

          • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.2193

            JEUNE, JEUNESSE

          • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 108ff

          • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.332

          Attributions by syntactic funtion

          • vi : 39
          • NP : 15
          • v[adN] : 14
          • vadN : 14
          • vadV : 10
          • n : 8
          • VPi : 6
          • NP[adN] : 4
          • nab : 3
          • VPadV : 3
          • v-p.adV : 2
          • VPadN : 2
          • vipost-N : 1
          • NP(post-N) : 1
          • vt+prep+N : 1
          • NPadV.[post-N{SUBJ}] : 1
          • NPadV.postN{SUBJ} : 1
          • NPadV : 1
          • VP[adN] : 1
          • NPab : 1
          • nadN : 1
          • vtoN : 1

          Attributions by text

          • 春秋左傳 : 22
          • 荀子 : 14
          • 韓非子 : 13
          • 孟子 : 8
          • 禮記 : 8
          • 論語 : 8
          • 說苑 : 5
          • 搜神記 : 5
          • 賢愚經 : 5
          • 百喻經 : 5
          • 史記 : 3
          • 淮南子 : 3
          • 呂氏春秋 : 3
          • 論衡 : 3
          • 管子 : 3
          • 莊子 : 3
          • 戰國策 : 3
          • 文選 : 2
          • 墨子 : 2
          • 劉義慶世說新語 : 2
          • 太平廣記 : 1
          • 山海經 : 1
          • 阮籍集四卷 : 1
          • 列子 : 1
          • 臨濟錄 : 1
          • 黃帝內經 : 1
          • 法言 : 1
          • 法集要頌經 : 1
          • 妙法蓮華經 : 1
          • 六祖壇經 : 1

          Words

          少  shào OC: hmljews MC: ɕiɛu 48 AttributionsWD

          Shào 少 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up") is a comparative term and refers specifically to relatively young age in humans; note that a person remains shào 少 "junior" (ant. zhǎng 長 "senior") in respect to elders until he is very old indeed.

            Word relations
          • Ant: 長/GROW The current general term for growth is zhǎng 長.
          • Ant: 長/SENIOR
          • Ant: 老/OLD The general term for old age of living creatures is lǎo 老 "of old age" (ant. shào 少 "still youthful" and yòu 幼 "young"), whereas the general term for things not new is jiù 舊 (ant. xīn 新 "new").
          • Ant: 長/SENIOR
          • Assoc: 幼/YOUNG The current general "absolute" word for tender youth is yòu 幼 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up"), and this word refers to young age of animals, as well as humans.
          • Oppos: 長/ADULT
          • Oppos: 壯/ADULT The current word for an adult is zhuàng 壯. [GENERAL], [GENERAL-USE]

            Syntactic words
          • nabyoung ageLZ
          • v[adN]N=humthe younger one; the youngest one
          • v[adN]nonreferentialthe young; the younger; juniors
          • vadNof young age; (in office designations) junior; of younger age
          • vadVin one's young days; in one's younger days
          • vigradedcomparative intransitive verb: be junior; be a minor, be young; be younger than oneself 最少
          • vipost-Nyoung as far as one's age is concernedDS
          • vt+prep+Ngradedbe younger than
          幼  yòu OC: qriws MC: ʔi̯u 27 AttributionsWD

          The current general "absolute" word for tender youth is yòu 幼 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up"), and this word refers to young age of animals, as well as humans.

            Word relations
          • Ant: 壯/ADULT The current word for an adult is zhuàng 壯. [GENERAL], [GENERAL-USE]
          • Ant: 老/OLD The general term for old age of living creatures is lǎo 老 "of old age" (ant. shào 少 "still youthful" and yòu 幼 "young"), whereas the general term for things not new is jiù 舊 (ant. xīn 新 "new").
          • Ant: 長/SENIOR
          • Epithet: 狂/CRAZY
          • Assoc: 弱/WEAK The current general word for weakness of any physical or abstract kind, and of anything including states, persons, and animals is ruò 弱 (ant. qiáng 強 "strong").
          • Assoc: 少/YOUNG Shào 少 (ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up") is a comparative term and refers specifically to relatively young age in humans; note that a person remains shào 少 "junior" (ant. zhǎng 長 "senior") in respect to elders until he is very old indeed.

            Syntactic words
          • nabyouth, time of youthCH
          • nabsocialjunior status
          • nsubject=nonrefthe young; the younger
          • v-p.adVwhen youngCH
          • v[adN]nonreferentialone who is young
          • vadNyoung
          • vibe young
          • vtoNattitudinalto treat somebody in a way which is appropriate for the treatment of young people
          弱  ruò OC: njewɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk 12 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nnonreferentialthe young
          • v-p.adVwhen still a babyCH
          • vadNnon-restrictiveminor
          • vibe an infant; be young, be of an age where one is still very much dependent on others; be too young
          子弟  zǐ dì OC: sklɯʔ liilʔ MC: tsɨ dei 4 AttributionsWD

            Syntactic words
          • NP(post-N)the young and able-bodied men of the contextually determinate placeCH
          • NPdisjunctionsons or younger brothersCH
          • NPnonreferentialyoung men
          少年  shào nián OC: hmljews niin MC: ɕiɛu nen 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NP[adN]young person
          年少  nián shào OC: niin hmljews MC: nen ɕiɛu 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPyoung people
          • VPadNyoung of age> young
          • VPibe young
          弟子  dì zǐ OC: liilʔ sklɯʔ MC: dei tsɨ 4 AttributionsWD

            Syntactic words
          • NPpluralyoung man; juniors
          少者  shào zhě MC: syewX tsyaeX OC: hmljews kljaʔLZ 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPa youth, the young, young peopleLZ
          幼少  yòu shào OC: qriws hmljews MC: ʔi̯u ɕiɛu 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPnonreferentialthe young (humans?)
          • VP[adN]be a minorCH
          • VPadVwhen the subject was very young
          • VPibe very young; be still a child
          夭  ǎo OC: qoowʔ MC: ʔɑu 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nnewborn bird or animal
          小  xiǎo OC: smewʔ MC: siɛu 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNOBI: young
          • vadVat a young age
          • vibe young
          小年  xiǎo nián OC: smewʔ niin MC: siɛu nen 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPshort-lived creatures
          少小  shào xiǎo OC: hmljews smewʔ MC: ɕiɛu siɛu 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadVWhen young
          幼稚  yòu zhì OC: qriws ɡrluls MC: ʔi̯u ɖi 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiintensitivebe very young
          壯  zhuàng 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • v[adN]nonreferentialthe youngTWH
          小時  xiǎo shí MC: sjewX dzyi OC: smewʔ ɡljɯDS 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPadV.[post-N{SUBJ}]at very young ageDS
          • NPadV.postN{SUBJ}N at very young ageDS
          孩  hái OC: ɡɯɯ MC: ɦəi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • nadNvery young (animal)
          孩抱  hái bào OC: ɡɯɯ buuʔ MC: ɦəi bɑu 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabtimeyouth
          小來  xiǎo lái OC: smewʔ m-rɯɯ MC: siɛu ləi 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadVfrom youth
          幼小  yòu xiǎo OC: qriws smewʔ MC: ʔi̯u siɛu 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe young
          少時  shào shí MC: syewX dzyi OC: hmljews ɡljɯCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPadVas a young person, in one's youthCH
          孩提  hái tí MC: hoj -- OC: ɡɯɯ ɡ-leeCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadNquite youngCH
          沖  chōng OC: ɡrluŋ MC: ɖuŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNyoung; weak (SHU)
          稚  zhì OC: ɡrluls MC: ɖi 0 AttributionsWD

          Zhì 稚(ant. zhǎng 長 "grown up") refers "absolutely" to young age in humans, but the word came to refer to young age in animals as well at later stages from Song times onwards.

            Syntactic words
          • viabsolute: young of age (of humans) (also written 治
          童冠  tóng guàn OC: dooŋ koons MC: duŋ kʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPcollectiveyoung people below and above the age where one turns adult
          草  cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nadNso young as not yet to eat grain but only grass 草駒

          Existing SW for

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