INACTIVE  無動作

REFUSE to ACT AND THEREFORE be PEACEFUL.
Antonym
  • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
    • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
      • TRYACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING.
        Hypernym
        • REFUSEDECIDE NOT TO ACT:do as one has been REQUESTED to ACT OR IS EXPECTED TO ACT.
          • DECIDECHOOSE among PRESENT OR FUTURE MOVEMENTS FOR SELF:oneself OR among ANSWERS to QUESTIONS.
            • CHOOSETAKE OR USE THING WHILE BELIEVING that one is ABLE to TAKE OTHER THINGS.
              • TAKEOBTAIN a THING OFTEN by REMOVING it from its PLACE OR OWNER so as to HAVE it ONESELF....
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The standard general word for remaining inactive is jìng 靜 (ant. dòng 動 "take an initiative")

        2. Wú wéi 無為 (ant. yǒu suǒ wéi 有所為 "engage in assertive action") is a technical philosophical term referring to the refusal to take assertive action.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        無為

        動彈不得

        first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH

          Words

          無為  wú wéi OC: ma ɢʷal MC: mi̯o ɦiɛ 37 AttributionsWD

          Wú wéi 無為 (ant. yǒu suǒ wéi 有所為 "engage in assertive action") is a technical philosophical term referring to the refusal to take assertive action.

          • What Is Taoism? And Other Studies in Chinese Cultural History ( CREEL 1970) p. 48-78

            Syntactic words
          • NPabpsychologicaldetachment; indifference; non-interference in the world; non-assertiveness; disengagement
          • NPab{PRED}actindifference; non-interference in the world; disengagementCH
          • NPadNcharacterised by detachment, indifference/non-interference in the world, or non-assertive action
          • VPadVby the method of disengaged detachment without any ulterior motives, of indifference/non-interference in this world or of non-assertive action; by the method of non-assertive action
          • VPiact己不亲劳于事; cultivate, advocate or practise detachment, practice disengagement, non-interference in this world, engage in non-assertive behaviour
          • VPiact, subject inanimatecultivate detachment, indifference, non-interference or non-assertive action only (of inanimate creatures or beings)
          無事  wú shì OC: ma dzrɯs MC: mi̯o ɖʐɨ 12 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabactrefusal to take assertive action, strategy of never trying anything funny
          • VPadN(the person) without anything particular to do, who does not engage in any artificial activity; in the Chan BUDDH context referring to the enlightened person who does not engage deliberately in any activity but rather perfectly responds to and mirrors his environment at any given moment; it is a key term in the teaching of the 臨濟錄
          • VPadVwithout anything to do; without engaging in any particular activity
          • VPiactbe without any business > being at leisure; have nothing to do in particular; do not engage in any specific activity in the Chan BUDDH context referring to the enlightened person who does not engage deliberately in any activity but rather perfectly responds to and mirrors his environment at any given moment; it is a key term in the teaching of the 臨濟錄
          靜  jìng MC: dzjengX OC: dzeŋʔ 10 AttributionsWD

          The standard general word for remaining inactive is jìng 靜 (ant. dòng 動 "take an initiative")

            Word relations
          • Ant: 動/MOVE The current general word for movement of any kind, psychological as well as physical, is dòng 動 (ant. jìng 靜 "remain still").
          • Assoc: 虛/EMPTY The most geneal word is xū 虛 (ant. shí 實 "substantial and full") which can refer both to physical emptiness of a space and to abstract emptiness or tenuousness as a philosophical concept.

            Syntactic words
          • nabactfailure or refusal to take intiatives; nonactivity
          • vadVwithout taking any action, without busying oneself with anything; quite still
          • vibe immobile, be stillCH
          • viactremain inactive
          • vichangebecome still, calm down
          拱  gǒng OC: koŋʔ MC: ki̯oŋ 7 AttributionsWD

            Word relations

            Syntactic words
          • VPihave one's hands folded and hanging low in front of one's stomach> be inactive
          拱手  gǒng shǒu OC: koŋʔ hmljuʔ MC: ki̯oŋ ɕɨu 5 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadVeffortlessly, hands down
          • VPicausativejoin one's hands in front of one's chest so as to be politely inactive; bow politely without doing anything
          无為  wú wéi MC: mju hjweH OC: ma ɢʷalCH 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabpsychological*detachment; non-interference in the affairs of the world; non-assertive actionCH
          • VPadVbeing detached from one's actions; being disengaged in what one does; practising non-interference; remaining detachedCH
          拱  gǒng OC: koŋʔ MC: ki̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • viactfold one's hands in front of one> remain inactive
          • vtoNcausativecause to be inactive > hold still, stop the movement of
          拱己  gǒng jǐ OC: koŋʔ kɯʔ MC: ki̯oŋ kɨ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadVhands down> without doing anything
          無作  wú zuò OC: ma tsaaɡ MC: mi̯o tsɑk 1 AttributionWD
          • Sengchou (480-560) ( ANDERL 1995) p. 100, fn. 445

          • 入道安心要方便法門 Rùdào ānxīn yào fāngbiàn fǎmén Teachings about Expedient means for the Essentials of Entering the Way and Pacifying the Mind Taishō ( ANXINYAO) p. 1288b11-12

            "Not to receive the sensation of a form [means that] form is identical to non-substantiality. Non-substantiality is identical to formlessness (wu2xia4ng 無相) and formlessness is identical to non-[ambitious] action (wu2zuo4 無作). This is the gate to liberation." (tr. CHAPPELL 1983: 125, fn. 47)

          • The Teachings of the Fourth Ch'an Patriarch Tao-hsin (580-651) Early Ch'an in China and Tibet ( CHAPPELL 1983) p. 115, fn. 47

          • 大智渡論 Dàzhì dù lùn (Mahāprajñāpāramitā śāstra) Taishō ( DAZHIDULUN) p. 203c15

            The gates to enlightenment are defined as 空, 無相, and 無作

          • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 1324a

          • 維摩詰經 Wéimójié jīng Vimalakīrti-nirdessa Taishō ( VIMALAKIRTI(A)) p. 551b7-10

            Syntactic words
          • VPibuddhistBUDDH: be without any activity, be without function; non-ambitious action skr. akarmaka
          寡為  guǎ wéi MC: kwaeX hjweH OC: kʷraaʔ ɢʷalCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiactengage in few assertive actionsCH
          靜  jìng MC: dzjengX OC: dzeŋʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcausativemake N inactive, withdrawLZ
          坐而  zuò ér MC: dzwaX nyi OC: sɡoolʔ njɯCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPadVwithout one taking any particular actionCH
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadVinactivelyCH
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPiactengage in few assertive actionsCH

          Existing SW for

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