SLOW    慢徐

LACK QUICKNESS.
UNHURRIEDLEISURELYSTEADYSEDATESLOW-MOVINGDOWNTEMPOPLODDINGDAWDLINGSLUGGISHSLUGGARDLYLEAD-FOOTEDPOKY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most generally used word for slowness is probably xú 徐 (ant. jí 疾 "fast"), which refers to an indifference on the part of the agent concerning the speed he is making, and the word has no negative connotations, indeed the reference is often to pleasant sauntering slow insouciance. 2. Huǎn 緩 "slowly, at one's own speed" (ant. jí 急 "fast and urgent") tends to suggest a self-indulgent absence of haste which may call for criticism. 3. Chí 遲 (ant. sù 速 "quickly and smoothly") focusses on a reprehensible, often inept, but possibly unavoidable, failure to make proper speed or to arrive in time. 4. Màn 慢 (ant. qǐn 勤 "with polite expediency") is deliberate and deliberately offensive dilatory behaviour; and the word is somewhat marginal in this group.
Modern Chinese Criteria
慢 慢慢 緩 徐 款 緩慢 舒緩 舒徐 款款 徐徐 遲遲 磨蹭 磨煩 摳搜 迂緩 遲緩 遲延 遲滯 悠悠 冉冉 慢性 慢騰騰 慢悠悠 慢條斯理 老牛破車 蝸行牛步 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis 18.11.2003. CH
Hyponym
  • GRADUALLY　SLOW IN CHANGING. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • QUICKBe INTENSE in MOVING OR CHANGING CAUSING the PERIOD of this MOVEMENT OR CHANGE to be INTENSELY SHORT.
  • HURRYACT OR WALK as QUICKLY as one CAN.
Hypernym
  • LACK　SITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE. (anc: 6/0, child: 48)
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.22

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SLOW

    tardus refers to slowness with reference to the great length of time spent.

    lentus refers to time with reference to the quietness of motion itself.

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 298

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 341

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 97

  • "三國志"同義詞及其歷史演變 ( WANG TONGWEI 2010) p. 496-506

    • Words (16 items)

    徐  xú OC: lja MC: zi̯ɤ 30 Attributions

    The most generally used word for slowness is probably xú 徐 (ant. jí 疾 "fast"), which refers to an indifference on the part of the agent concerning the speed he is making, and the word has no negative connotations, indeed the reference is often to pleasant sauntering slow insouciance.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 疾/QUICK Jí 疾 (ant. xú 徐 "slowly") typically refers to urgent speedy action of limited duration.
    • Assoc: 安/PEACEFUL The dominant general word for peacefulness is ān 安 (wēi 危 "in imminent danger"), but in addition the word also often has considerable philosophical depth and commonly refers to a deep state of unruffled inner serenity in harmony with the outer world.
    • Assoc: 緩/SLOW Huǎn 緩 "slowly, at one's own speed" (ant. jí 急 "fast and urgent") tends to suggest a self-indulgent absence of haste which may call for criticism.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactslowing down
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe slow
    • vadNgentle (wind etc), slow
    • vadVslowly, softly, gently; with slow emphasis; at one's own pace, gradually
    • vibe slow and comfortable; be mild
    • vi.redproceed very gently, slowly; going along gently
    • vi.red:adVslowly, at one's convenience, without any hurry
    • vichangeslow down
    • vicomparativemove too slowlyCH
    • vtoNcausativeslow down, calm down, stabilise
    緩  huǎn OC: ɢʷaanʔ MC: ɦʷɑn 13 Attributions

    Huǎn 緩 "slowly, at one's own speed" (ant. jí 急 "fast and urgent") tends to suggest a self-indulgent absence of haste which may call for criticism.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 促/QUICK
    • Ant: 急/QUICK
    • Ant: 疾/QUICK Jí 疾 (ant. xú 徐 "slowly") typically refers to urgent speedy action of limited duration.
    • Contrast: 寬/SLOW
    • Assoc: 徐/SLOW The most generally used word for slowness is probably xú 徐 (ant. jí 疾 "fast"), which refers to an indifference on the part of the agent concerning the speed he is making, and the word has no negative connotations, indeed the reference is often to pleasant sauntering slow insouciance.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVin a slow and lax manner
    • vibe slow, be dilatory
    • vt+V[0]be lax in V-ingLZ
    • vtoNbe dilatory with respect to; be slow in
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to slow down
    • vtoNreflexive.己slow (oneself) down, slow (oneself) down
    遲  chí OC: rlil MC: ɖi 6 Attributions

    Chí 遲 (ant. sù 速 "quickly and smoothly") focusses on a reprehensible, often inept, but possibly unavoidable, failure to make proper speed or to arrive in time.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 疾/QUICK Jí 疾 (ant. xú 徐 "slowly") typically refers to urgent speedy action of limited duration.
    • Ant: 速/QUICK

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureslownessCH
    • vibe slow and dilatory, slack and slow
    • vpostadVslowly; too slowly
    安  ān OC: qaan MC: ʔɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVat one's ease; slowly; at a leisurely pace SHI
    • viactin polite diplomatic language: slow down
    懸  xuán OC: ɢʷeen MC: ɦen 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsuspend action on; fail to act on immediately, suspend action on; be slow with regard to
    徐庠  xú xiáng OC: lja sɢlaŋ MC: zi̯ɤ zi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVmoving slowly and deliberately
    遲迴  chí huí OC: rlil ɢuul MC: ɖi ɦuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifigurativebe slow > hesitant
    邐迆  lǐ yǐ OC: b-relʔ lalʔ MC: liɛ jiɛ 1 Attribution
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 413

      Syntactic words
    • VPadVwinding > slowly, gradually, leisurely (?? the exact semantics of this compound is difficult to define)
    偍提  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC:
    提  tí OC: ɡ-lee MC: dei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vidilatory, slow
    寬緩  kuān huǎn MC: khwan hwanX OC: khoon ɢʷaanʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe slow to move, be lethargic, be phlegmaticCH
    重遲  zhòng chí MC: drjowng drij OC: doŋʔ rlil 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPitardy, slow, dullLZ
    安徐  ān xú OC: qaan lja MC: ʔɑn zi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVslowly
    脫  duó OC: lood MC: dʷɑt
    脫  tuō OC: lʰood MC: thʷɑt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vigentle; diligent; careful
    嘽  chǎn OC: thjanʔ MC: tɕhiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vislow; drawn out (a sound); easy-going
    寬  kuān OC: khoon MC: khʷɑn 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 急/HURRY Jí 急 (ant. huǎn 緩 "slowly") refers to act with urgenct purpose, as in an emergency.
    • Contrast: 緩/SLOW Huǎn 緩 "slowly, at one's own speed" (ant. jí 急 "fast and urgent") tends to suggest a self-indulgent absence of haste which may call for criticism.

      Syntactic words
    • vislow and relaxed
    慢  màn OC: mroons MC: mɣan 0 Attributions

    Màn 慢 (ant. qǐn 勤 "with polite expediency") is deliberate and deliberately offensive dilatory behaviour; and the word is somewhat marginal in this group.

      Syntactic words
    • viSHI: dilatory