AXE    斧頭

TOOL OR WEAPON with a HANDLE and a BLADE, TYPICALLY for SPLITTING WOOD.
HATCHETCLEAVERTOMAHAWKADZEPOLEAXBROADAXBATTLE-AX
Old Chinese Criteria
[CEREMONIAL/PRACTICAL] [[COMMON/RARE]] [LARGE/SMALL] [ELEVATED/INFORMAL] 1. The most current word for an axe is perhaps fǔ 斧, but the word refers specifically to an axe as in the illustration, used to split things with. [SPECIFIC]; [COMMON+] 2. Jīn 斤 refers to an axe where the blade is at a right angle to the shaft, as in the illustration, and this axe would seem to be of use only for cutting down branches or small trees or bushes. [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMON+] 3. Yuè 鉞 refers to a battle axe which came to be mostly used for ritual execution or ceremonial purposes. [CEREMONIAL], [ELEVATED], [LARGE], [SPECIFIC] 4. Qī 戚 is a somewhat smaller variety of the yuè 鉞. [CEREMONIAL], [ELEVATED], [SPECIFIC] 5. Qiāng 斨 refers to a fǔ 斧 -style axe with a square hole for the handle. [SPECIFIC] 6. Zhǔ 欘 adze, refers to a carpenter 掇 or cooper 掇 tool, like an axe with the blade set at right angles to the handle and curving inwards towards it; used for cutting or slicing away the surface of wood. [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ARCHITECTURE 28. 斧，伐木工具，銎為橢圓形之斧，後作斧子通稱。 斨，析木工具，銎為方形之斧。 斤，平木工具，即後代之 “ 錛 ” 。 銎，斤斧穿柄之處。 WARFARE 11. 劈砍兵器。斧，直刃之斧；斧類兵器總稱。 斤，橫刃之斧。 戉，刃闊而柄長之大斧，作軍權的象徵。 戚，刃部緊縮而細長之斧；亦用為舞具。
Modern Chinese Criteria
斧 斧頭 斧子 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Part of
Hypernym
  • TOOL　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD. (anc: 5/0, child: 53)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
Other Hypernyms
  • WEAPON　TOOL USED FOR ATTACK OR DEFENSE IN WARFARE. (anc: 6/0, child: 9)
  • TOOL　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD. (anc: 5/0, child: 53)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.25

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 239

    Streitaxt:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 726

    Beil:

    The axe is commonly depicted in Han reliefs.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 806

    Streitaxt:

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 36

  • 漢代無知文化資料圖說 ( SUN JI) p. 25

  • Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens ( BAECHTHOLD-STAEUBLI 1987) p. 1.745

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 108A

    • Words (13 items)

    斧  fǔ OC: paʔ MC: pi̯o 12 Attributions

    The most current word for an axe is perhaps fǔ 斧, but the word refers specifically to an axe as in the illustration, used to split things with. [SPECIFIC]; [COMMON+]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 斤/AXE Jīn 斤 refers to an axe where the blade is at a right angle to the shaft, as in the illustration, and this axe would seem to be of use only for cutting down branches or small trees or bushes. [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMON+]
    • Assoc: 斤/AXE Jīn 斤 refers to an axe where the blade is at a right angle to the shaft, as in the illustration, and this axe would seem to be of use only for cutting down branches or small trees or bushes. [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMON+]
    • Assoc: 鑕 / 質/CHOPPING BLOCK Zhì 鑕 is a chopping block used for beheading and cutting in the waist.
    • Assoc: 鉞/AXE Yuè 鉞 refers to a battle axe which came to be mostly used for ritual execution or ceremonial purposes. UNGER 1995: 172 [CEREMONIAL], [ELEVATED], [LARGE], [SPECIFIC]

      Syntactic words
    • naxe with blade in the same direction as the handle (regarded as an aggressive weapon 假仇人斧)
    • nabfigurativea tool dangerous for something, a tool designed to damage something
    • nadVinstrumentwith an axe
    • vibe exposed to the axe
    斤  jīn OC: kɯn MC: kɨn 9 Attributions

    Jīn 斤 refers to an axe where the blade is at a right angle to the shaft, as in the illustration, and this axe would seem to be of use only for cutting down branches or small trees or bushes. [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMON+]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 斧/AXE The most current word for an axe is perhaps fǔ 斧, but the word refers specifically to an axe as in the illustration, used to split things with. [SPECIFIC]; [COMMON+]
    • Assoc: 斧/AXE The most current word for an axe is perhaps fǔ 斧, but the word refers specifically to an axe as in the illustration, used to split things with. [SPECIFIC]; [COMMON+]

      Syntactic words
    • naxe with blade at right angle to the shaft. This is a standard carpenter's and wheelwright's tool. [ill.: SUN 1991: 7-9 - 7-10]
    斧斤  fǔ jīn OC: paʔ kɯn MC: pi̯o kɨn 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVwith fu and jin axes> axes of all kindsCH
    • NPnonreferentialaxes in general; axes of all sorts; axes
    鉞  yuè OC: ɢʷad MC: ɦi̯ɐt 5 Attributions

    Yuè 鉞 refers to a battle axe which came to be mostly used for ritual execution or ceremonial purposes. UNGER 1995: 172 [CEREMONIAL], [ELEVATED], [LARGE], [SPECIFIC]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 斧/AXE The most current word for an axe is perhaps fǔ 斧, but the word refers specifically to an axe as in the illustration, used to split things with. [SPECIFIC]; [COMMON+]

      Syntactic words
    • n(often symbolic and ceremonial) battle axe
    戚  qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek 5 Attributions

    Qī 戚 is a somewhat smaller variety of the yuè 鉞. [CEREMONIAL], [ELEVATED], [SPECIFIC]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 干/SHIELD Prior to the Warring States period, common general word for the shield was gān 干. It is known already from oracle bone inscriptions. In Warring States times, the word was gradually replaced by shǔn 盾. In Han times, according to FANG YAN, the term was still in use from the Hangu pass to the east, and shǔn 盾 was common in the area from the pass to the West. Shields predating Warring States period are known bad; from the Shang period there is a shield made of the leather on wooden construction, of approximately oblong shape, and painted with a picture of the tiger.

      Syntactic words
    • nbattle axe
    斤斧  jīn fǔ OC: kɯn paʔ MC: kɨn pi̯o 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialaxes of all kinds
    斧鉞  fǔ yuè OC: paʔ ɢʷad MC: pi̯o ɦi̯ɐt 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPexecutioner's axe
    鏚  qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek 3 Attributions

    Qī 戚 is a somewhat smaller variety of the yuè 鉞.

      Syntactic words
    • nbattle axe; ritual battle axe
    鈇  fū OC: pa MC: pi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • naxe for cutting undergrowth
    斨  qiāng OC: skhaŋ MC: tshi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions

    Qiāng 斨 refers to a fǔ 斧-style axe with a square hole for the handle. [SPECIFIC]

    • () p. 23{7-4, 7-5}

      Syntactic words
    • nfǔ 斧-style axe with a square hole for the handle
    欘  zhú OC: toɡ MC: ʈi̯ok 2 Attributions

    Zhǔ 欘 adze, refers to a carpenter's or cooper's tool, like an axe with the blade set at right angles to the handle and curving inwards towards it; used for cutting or slicing away the surface of wood. [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]

    • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. {pp. 443 ???}

      Syntactic words
    • nadze, A carpenter's or cooper's tool, like an axe with the blade set at right angles to the handle and curving inwards towards it; used for cutting or slicing away the surface of wood. [Most similar to this description are the tools ill.: CHU 2000: pp. 443 ???]
    揚  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • na kind of big axe
    長斧  cháng fǔ OC: ɡrlaŋ paʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPWarring States and Han term for a battle axe [SUN 1991: 128; ill.: SUN 1991: 33-2