SHIELD  盾

ARMOUR CARRIED IN one's HAND AND USED FOR PROTECTING ONE'S BODY AGAINST ATTACK.
Hypernym
  • ARMOURDEFENSIVE WEAPONS to SAFEGUARD one's BODY IN-RELATION-TO ATTACK. 
    • WEAPONTOOL USED FOR ATTACK OR DEFENSE IN WARFARE.
      • TOOLARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Prior to the Warring States period, common general word for the shield was gān 干. It is known already from oracle bone inscriptions. In Warring States times, the word was gradually replaced by shǔn 盾. In Han times, according to FANG YAN, the term was still in use from the Hangu pass to the east, and shǔn 盾 was common in the area from the pass to the West. Shields predating Warring States period are known bad; from the Shang period there is a shield made of the leather on wooden construction, of approximately oblong shape, and painted with a picture of the tiger.

2. Shǔn 盾 refers to the shield generally, and this word became common in the Warring States period (but it occurs already in the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions and in SHIJING). Shields dating from the Warring States and Han periods are usually made of lacquered leather or wood, and are decorated with abstract and pictorial musters. Most common are pieces with rounded upper edge, but there are also oval or oblong exemplars.

3. Fā 瞂 is according to FANG YAN another word for shǔn 盾.

4. Lǔ 櫓 refers to the large shield perhaps covering the whole body; these mentioned in HF are made of rhinoceros leather.

NB: Pái 牌 is a word for a shield which came to use in Song times only.

Modern Chinese Criteria
盾

盾牌

藤牌

干

櫓

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.34

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SHIELD

    scutum refers to a large shiled covering the whole body.

    clypeus and parma refers to smaller round shields.

    pelta refers to a small shield in the fomr of a half-moon

    cetra refers to a small shield made of leather.

    ombo refers to the boss of the shield.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 235

    Schild:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 798

    Schild

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 74

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 157

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 785

    盾，瞂，干

    1. Ga1n 干 is the ancient standard word already current in OBI. Shu3n 盾 gradually came to replace ga1n 干 as the standard term from early Warring States times onwards, and the word was sometimes written shu3n 楯. There is only one isolated case of shu3n 盾 in SHI, and the word is not at all common in these early times.

    2. It is disconcerting to have to point out that in the meaning "shield" the correct reading for 盾 is shu3n and certainly not du4n as in the personal name Zha4o Du4n, according to both Qie4yu4n and Jingdia3nshi42we2n. I say this is disconcerting because in general I have thought I had good reason to declare the phonetic material in WL authoritative.

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no. 104

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO. 104

Attributions by syntactic funtion

  • n : 21
  • NP : 1

Attributions by text

  • 韓非子 : 7
  • 孫子 : 3
  • 尚書 : 3
  • 毛詩 : 3
  • 墨子 : 1
  • 春秋左傳 : 1
  • 莊子 : 1
  • 山海經 : 1
  • 淮南子 : 1
  • 孟子 : 1

Words

干  gān OC: kaan MC: kɑn 11 AttributionsWD

Prior to the Warring States period, common general word for the shield was gān 干. It is known already from oracle bone inscriptions. In Warring States times, the word was gradually replaced by shǔn 盾. In Han times, according to FANG YAN, the term was still in use from the Hangu pass to the east, and shǔn 盾 was common in the area from the pass to the West. Shields predating Warring States period are known bad; from the Shang period there is a shield made of the leather on wooden construction, of approximately oblong shape, and painted with a picture of the tiger.

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 戚/AXE Qī 戚 is a somewhat smaller variety of the yuè 鉞. [CEREMONIAL], [ELEVATED], [SPECIFIC]

  • 甲骨金文字典 Jiagu jin wen zidian ( JGJWZD 1993) p. 173

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 247

  • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 175 - 176

  • 中國佛教百科全書 Zhōngguó fójiào bǎikē quánshū Encyclopedic Book Collection on Chinese Buddhism ( YANG WEIZHONG 2000) p. 48 - 49 {2-2, 2-3}

    Syntactic words
  • nlarge shield to cover whole body
  • nfigurativebe a shield>defence
盾  shǔn OC: ɢljunʔ MC: ʑʷin
盾  dùn OC: ɡ-luunʔ MC: duo̝n
楯  dùn MC: -- OC: -- 7 AttributionsWD

Shǔn 盾 refers to the shield generally, and this word became common in the Warring States period (but it occurs already in the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions and in SHIJING. Shields dating from the Warring States and Han periods are usually made of lacquered leather or wood, and are decorated with abstract and pictorial musters. Most common are pieces with rounded upper edge, but there are also oval or oblong exemplars.

    Syntactic words
  • nsmall shield
櫓  lǔ OC: ɡ-raaʔ MC: luo̝ 3 AttributionsWD

Lǔ 櫓 refers to the large shield perhaps covering the whole body; these mentioned in HANFEIZI are made of rhinoceros leather:

    Syntactic words
  • nlarge shield
蔽櫓  bì lǔ MC: pjiejH luX OC: peds ɡ-raaʔDS 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPbig shieldDS
牌  pái OC: bree MC: bɣɛi 0 AttributionsWD

NB: Pái 牌is a word for a shield which came to use in Song times only:

    Syntactic words
  • nlate post-Han, Song: shield
瞂  fá OC: bod MC: bi̯ɐt 0 AttributionsWD

Fā 瞂is according to FANG YAN another word for shǔn 盾.

    Syntactic words

Existing SW for

Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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