FAKE    偽造矯

CREATE SOMETHING WHICH PRETENDS TO BE WHAT IT IS NOT.
FORGECOUNTERFEITFALSIFYMOCK UPCOPYPIRATEREPRODUCEREPLICATEDOCTORALTERTAMPER WITH
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for faking something is jiǎo 矯 and the typical focus is on fraudulence involved. 2. Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真 ) focusses on the artificiality rather than natural or proper provenance of the product. 3. Xū 虛 (ant. shí 實 ) focusses on the insubstantiality of the product, and the word is normally used adnominally. NB: Jiǎ 假 (ant. zhēn 真 ) focusses on something standing in for something else that is the genuine thing, but this usage was late to develop (HOUHANSHU).
Modern Chinese Criteria
捏造 偽造 編造 假造 捏合 杜撰 虛構 造 無中生有 向壁虛構 虛假 虛偽 假 虛 山寨 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
Hypernym
  • CREATE　PRODUCE something BELIEVING that it has NEVER BEEN PRODUCED BEFORE. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
  • PRODUCE　ACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST. (anc: 12/0, child: 17)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 209

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 448

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 76

    • Words (12 items)

    偽  wěi OC: ŋgʷals MC: ŋiɛ 13 Attributions

    Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真) focusses on the artificiality rather than natural or proper provenance of the product.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 信/TRUE Xìn 信 (ant. zhà 詐 "fraudulent and not reliable") refers prototypically to reliablity as information.
    • Ant: 情/TRUE
    • Ant: 真/GENUINE The general dominant word for something being not artificial or fake is zhēn 真(ant. wěi 偽 "fake"), but I find is important that the word never seems to apply to negative concepts as in English "genuine hatred".
    • Contrast: 華/BEAUTIFUL Huá 華"of striking and colourful beauty" (ant. sú 俗 "vulgar") focusses on flourishing and flamboyant superficial or only apparent beauty, on the analogy analogy with that of flowers. [ARTIFICIAL], [ELEVATED], NON-HUMAN], [SUPERFICIAL]
    • Synon: 姦/FAKE

      Syntactic words
    • nabconceptlack of genuineness, falseness, faked nature
    • nsubj=nonhumanwhat is fake
    • vadNartificial; pretended; fake, faked; pretending; faking
    • vibe fake; be artificial
    • vttoN1. N2fake for N1 an N2CH
    矯  jiǎo OC: krewʔ MC: kiɛu 11 Attributions

    The current general word for faking something is jiǎo 矯 and the typical focus is on fraudulence involved.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNfaked
    • viactcommit an act of faking
    • vtoNfake; alter willfully
    假  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 4 Attributions

    jiǎ 假 (ant. zhēn 真) focusses on something standing in for something else that is the genuine thing, but this usage was late to develop (HOUHANSHU).

      Syntactic words
    • nabpassivefakenessCH
    • vadNfake, shamBUDDH: fake and provisional; belonging to the wordly truth (as opposed to 真 )
    • vadVbuddhistfalsely > provisionally (>as an expedient means) (pertaining to the relative truth) ant. to 實
    • vtoNmake up artificially, create with one's imaginationCH
    虛  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 3 Attributions

    Xū 虛 (ant. shí 實) focusses on the insubstantiality of the product, and the word is normally used adnominally.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNbe not genuine, be false; be fake; be dishonest
    • vadVin a fake way; emptily, falselyCH
    • vifake
    贋  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nsubj=nonhumanread yàn (not in Guǎngyùn) fake
    虛假  xū jiǎ OC: qhla kraaʔ MC: hi̯ɤ kɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNpretended; fake
    虛偽  xū wěi MC: -- -- OC: -- -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfalselyCH
    鴈  yàn OC: ŋraans MC: ŋɣan
    雁  yàn OC: ŋraans MC: ŋɣan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • virare, HF: be faked
    像  xiàng OC: sɢlaŋʔ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNfake
    姦  jiān OC: kraan MC: kɣan 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Synon: 偽/FAKE Wěi 偽 (ant. zhēn 真) focusses on the artificiality rather than natural or proper provenance of the product.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake vicious fake us of to as to corrupt
    技  jì MC: gjeX OC: ɡreʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabartificiality, false display, façadeCH
    為  wěi MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfake