COMPARE    對比

EXPLAIN HOW TWO OR MORE THINGS MUTUALLY RESEMBLE:are-similar OR are MUTUALLY DIFFERENT.
COMPARISONALLEGORYMETAPHORCONTRASTJUXTAPOSECOLLATEDIFFERENTIATE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard word for lining up things for comparison is bǐ 比, and the comparison may be expressed in language or pure psychological. Any two things compared may often be of similar importance to the person who is doing the comparing. 2. Yù 喻 is to illustrate a point by the rhetorical means of comparison (and thus make one's meaning clear). 3. Pì 譬 is close in meaning to bǐ 比, but the word always refers to comparisons that are made linguistically explicit, and there is always one thing (typically something hard to understand) which is illustrated by something else that is much easier to understand. Syntactically, pì 譬 is special in that it standardly takes the object pronoun zhī 之.
Modern Chinese Criteria
對比 refers standardly to comparison between two items only. 對照 focusses on contrastive comparison. 相比 focusses on the mutuality of the comparing or comparability. 相形 比照 is a rather literary word focussing on the contrastiveness of comparison. 比擬 refers to drawing a comparison, and the word is very special in that although transitive, its object can never be explicit. 比 相對而言 相比之下 比較 is the current modern word for comparison, and that comparison can be between more than two items. 打比 is a colloquial intransitive word for making a comparison. 比擬 focusses on juxtaposing and matching things by way of comparison. 比 is a colloquial current variant for 比較. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • EXPLAIN　DISCUSS so as to CAUSE something to BECOME MORE CLEAR. (anc: 14/0, child: 12)
  • DISCUSS　SPEAK SYSTEMATICALLY on something, BASING oneself on INVESTIGATION AND REFLECTION. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 243

    COMPARAISON

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 488

    COMPARATIO est diversorum ad unam communem, sed ooccultam formam clara reductio.

    Requiruntur ergo 1. duo comparata Subjecta. 2. qviddam tertium in quo comparantur. 3. reductio illorum ad invicem sive illius rei in utraqve similiter habentis demonstratio.

    Ax.

    1. Comparatio in tertio fit.

    2. Comparatio duorum fit respectu tertij.

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.43

    ANALOGIE

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.223

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 11.676

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 109

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 68

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.204.164

    PARABOLE.ALLEGORIE

    • Words (25 items)

    譬  pì OC: pheɡs MC: phiɛ 26 Attributions

    Pì 譬 is close in meaning to bǐ 比, but the word always refers to comparisons that are made linguistically explicit, and there is always one thing (typically something hard to understand) which is illustrated by something else that is much easier to understand. Syntactically, pì 譬 is special in that it standardly takes the object pronoun zhī 之.

      Syntactic words
    • nabcomparison, metaphorical image
    • nabactcomparison; taking something as an example or point of comparison
    • viactmake comparisons; use examplesDS
    • vt[0]oN1.ad:Vt[0]oN2be like
    • vt[0]onpro.adSone may compare it to the situation SLZ
    • vt[0]onpro.adVtoNone may compare (it) to; one may offer a comparison for (it) 譬之若"making a comparison of them they are like"
    • vt[0]onpro.adVtoVone may compare it to V-ingLZ
    • vtoNoffer comparisons for something
    • vtoNab{S1}.adS2compare a situation S1 to another situation S2
    • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003
    • vtt[0](oN1.+N2:)adVwhen [you] compare the contextually determinate N1 to the contextually determinate N2, then N1 turns out to V (i.e. resemble N2)
    • vtt[0]oNpro.+prep+Ncompare (something) to (something)
    • vttoN1.+N2compare N1 to N2
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2compare N1 to N2
    比  bǐ OC: piʔ MC: pi 23 Attributions

    The standard word for lining up things for comparison is bǐ 比, and the comparison may be expressed in language or pure psychological. Any two things compared may often be of similar importance to the person who is doing the comparing.

      Syntactic words
    • nabcomparison; point of comparison
    • vt+prep+Nbe comparable to
    • vtoNjuxtapose and compare as similar; make comparisons with
    • vtoNpassivebe juxtaposed and considered as comparable, be compared
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2omcompare the contextually determinate object N1 to (something N2)
    • vtt[0](oN.)+prep+N:adVto V by comparison with N
    • vtt[0](oN1.)+N2:adVif one compares it with; by comparison with
    • vtt[0]oN1.+prep+N2one can compare/liken N1 to N2
    • vttoN1.+N2compare (something N1) to (something else N2)
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2compare (something or somebody N1) to (something or somebody N2)爾何曾比予於管仲
    • vttoN1:postvtoN2compare
    • vt{PASS}oN1.postadN2compared to
    喻  yù OC: los MC: ji̯o
    諭  yù OC: los MC: ji̯o 14 Attributions

    Yù 喻 is to illustrate a point by the rhetorical means of comparison (and thus make one's meaning clear).

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • nabderivedrhetorical: metaphor, metaphorical meaningCH
    • nabtextillustration; illustrative story, parable
    • vt+prep+Ncompare to; be a metaphor for
    • vt+prep+Npassivebe illustrated by
    • vtoNillustrate through a comparison; make one's meaning plain; analogy compare to
    與其  yǔ qí OC: k-laʔ ɡɯ MC: ji̯ɤ gɨ 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPadS1.adS2rather than
    • VPt+Nab.adVrather than, instead of (it is better to...)
    與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN1.postN2:+VN1 and N2 > N1 compared to N2 (in constructions were N1 is compared to a N2)
    • vttoN1.postN2compare N2 to N1CH
    • vttoN1:postvtoN2compare with
    譬喻  pì yù OC: pheɡs los MC: phiɛ ji̯o 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtextcomparison; metaphor parable, simile
    辟  pì MC: bjiek OC: beɡ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]onpro.adVtoN(= pi4 譬) one may compare it to LZ
    儗  nǐ OC: ŋɡɯʔ MC: ŋɨ
    擬  nǐ OC: ŋɡɯʔ MC: ŋɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN1.)+prep+N2compare the contextually determinate N1 with N2LZ
    • vtoNto compare
    • vtoNderivedaim at N (with one's weapon), cf. MC 比準DS
    猶較  yóu jiào OC: k-lu kraawɡs MC: jɨu kɣɛu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNcomparable to N; approximately like N, nearly like N, along the line of N
    • VPadVcomparatively, quite
    • VPtoNbe comparable to, be rather like, resemble
    方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Synon: 比/COMPARE The standard word for lining up things for comparison is bǐ 比, and the comparison may be expressed in language or pure psychological. Any two things compared may often be of similar importance to the person who is doing the comparing.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Npassivebe compared to
    • vtoNillustrate by comparison
    況  kuàng OC: qhʷaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbe comparable to NLZ
    • vtoNrare in pre-Buddhist literature make a comparison with
    較  jiào OC: kraawɡs MC: kɣɛu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVrelatively, comparably
    • vtoNpost-Han: compare
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe comparable to, can be compared to
    交  jiāo OC: kreew MC: kɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVcomparatively
    譬稱  pì chēng MC: phjieH tsyhing OC: pheɡs thjɯŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactusing comparisons and similesLZ
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlook at so as to compare
    校  jiào OC: kreews MC: kɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcompare competitively
    引譬取喻  yǐn pì qǔ yù OC: liŋʔ pheɡs skhoʔ los MC: jin phiɛ tshi̯o ji̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactmake all sorts of comparisons
    引譬  yǐn pì OC: liŋʔ pheɡs MC: jin phiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactmake comparisons
    醜  chǒu OC: khljuʔ MC: tɕhɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrare, derived meaning make analogies between
    課分  kè fēn OC: khlools pɯn MC: khʷɑ pi̯un 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    合  hé OC: ɡloob MC: ɦəp 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 審/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Syntactic words
    挍  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    jiào

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcompare (LJ)
    比擬  bǐ nǐ OC: piʔ ŋɡɯʔ MC: pi ŋɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.+prep+N2)compare one contextually determinate thing to the other
    皆  jiē OC: kriid MC: kɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2DUNHUANGBIANWEN: compare N1 to N2
    取喻  qǔ yù OC: skhoʔ los MC: tshi̯o ji̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactmake comparisons