EARNEST  真誠誠

DILIGENT AND SERIOUS IN-RELATION-TO one's SELF:own BELIEFS AND ASPIRATIONS.
SINCEREHEARTFELTWHOLEHEARTEDPROFOUNDDEEPGENUINEREALUNFEIGNEDUNAFFECTEDTRUEHONESTBONA FIDEHONESTGENUINETRUTHFULUNHYPOCRITICALSTRAIGHTFORWARDDIRECTFRANKCANDIDINFORMAL STRAIGHTUPFRONTON THE LEVELON THE UP AND UPSERIOUSSOLEMNGRAVESOBERHUMORLESSSTAIDINTENSECOMMITTEDDEDICATEDKEENDILIGENTZEALOUSTHOUGHTFULDEVOUTHEARTFELTWHOLEHEARTEDSINCEREIMPASSIONEDFERVENTARDENTINTENSEURGENT
Antonym
  • NEGLECTDISREGARD what one SHOULD NOT DISREGARD.
    Hypernym
    • DILIGENTEAGER to ACHIEVE one's TASK USING APPROPRIATE EFFORT.
      • EAGERINTENSE DESIRE to ACT FOR A DEFINITE AIM.
        • DESIREGOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO ONESELF concerning the FUTURE HAVING, CONTROLLING, or ACTING:doing SOMETHING DEFINED.
          • FEELINGNATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND....
    See also
    • TRUEEXIST CONFORMing to SPEAK(what is claimed). (BE AS SAID(asserted))[[NB: the subject of this syntactic predicate is the situation identified in the "sentence" of which this syntactic predicate is predicated. "God made Heaven and Earth" is TRUE iff the situation identified in this sentence (the creation of Heaven and Earth by God) EXISTS(i.e. occurred).]
      • MORALITYVIRTUE of REFLECTING SYSTEMATICALLY on WHAT IS GOOD ACT:act AND a GOOD LIFE.
        • NAIVESTUPID BECAUSE LACKING IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE.
          Hyponym
          • FRANK　EARNEST AND NOT CONCEALING what one FEELS OR BELIEVES.
            • SERIOUS　EARNEST AND BELIEVING ONE'S ACTS to be IMPORTANT.
              • SEVERE　SERIOUS AND NOT TENDING to PARDON.
            • PIOUS　EARNEST in one's RESPECT for DEITIES.
              Old Chinese Criteria
              1. The current standard word for earnestness in attitude and earnest effort in practice is chéng 誠 (ant.* màn 慢 "negligent").

              2. Dǔ 篤 refers to trusty earnestness under the special aspect of dependability.

              3. Liàng 諒 refers to sincerity of attitude as a moral virtue.

              4. Zhōng 衷 refers to earnestness as an inner attitude under the aspect of emotional genuineness, a moral earnestness which will move Heaven.

              Modern Chinese Criteria
              真誠

              熱誠

              至誠

              赤誠

              赤忱

              虔誠

              竭誠

              精誠

              誠摯

              誠篤

              誠懇

              懇切

              純真

              真摯

              懇摯

              深摯

              真率

              率真

              義氣

              誠心

              實心

              真心

              傾心

              披心

              披懷

              披肝瀝膽

              衷心

              由衷

              真切

              熱切

              殷切

              殷殷

              諄諄

              拳拳

              悃誠

              悃款

              誠

              真心誠意

              誠心誠意

              真心實意

              實心實意

              開誠相見

              開誠布公

              肝膽相照

              口陳肝膽

              直舉胸情

              推襟送抱

              推心置腹

              以情相歸

              rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

              • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                EARNEST

                severitas refers to earnestness insaofar as it is seated in the mind.

                gravitas refers to earnestness in sofar as it makes an impression on others.

                strenuitas refers to earnestness insofar as it shows itself in action.

              • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 328

              • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                CONSTANTIA

                PERSEVERANTIA

              • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 59

              • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.325

                EHRLICHKEIT

              • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.720

                ERNST

              • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1273

                誠，信，訊

                1. Xu4n 訊 does not belong in this series.

              • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 140

              • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 271

              • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.386.341

                SINCERITE.FRANCHISE.NAIVETE.INGENUITE

              • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 214

              Words

              誠  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 43 AttributionsWD

              The current standard word for earnestness in attitude and earnest effort in practice is chéng 誠 (ant.* màn 慢 "negligent").

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 精 / 菁/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
              • Assoc: 精 / 菁/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
              • Assoc: 純/PURE The standard general term for purity is chún 純 (ant. zá 雜 "mixed").

                Syntactic words
              • nab(.post-N)psychtruthfulness to oneself; ardent earnestness of attitude
              • nab.post-NN=nonhumanthe authenticity (of Heaven and earth)CH
              • vadVearnestly and sincerely
              • viactbe earnest; be true to oneself; live up to one's innermost aspirations
              • vifeaturebe earnest; be true to oneselfCH
              • vtoNcausativecause to be earnest; cause to be true to oneself
              • vtoNpassivebe earnestly practisedLZ
              篤  dǔ OC: tuuɡ MC: tuok 15 AttributionsWD

              Dǔ 篤 refers to trusty earnestness under the special aspect of dependability.

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
              • Assoc: 謹/DILIGENT The current word for (typically respectful) meticulous and almost fastidious diligence is jǐn 謹 (ant. màn 慢 "be neglectful").

                Syntactic words
              • nabactearnestness of effort
              • vadNearnest; trustworthy
              • vadVearnestly
              • visincere and dependable, trusty, honest, sturdy
              • viactcomport oneself with earnestness and seriousness, be sturdy
              • vt+prep+Nbe earnest with respect to; make an earnest effort in relation to
              • vtoNpsychbe earnest in (the pursuit of one's aspirations etc)
              敦  dūn OC: tuun MC: tuo̝n 4 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadVearnestly, ferventlyLZ
              • viearnest, fervent
              惇  zhūn OC: tjun MC: tɕʷin
              惇  dūn OC: tuun MC: tuo̝n 3 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nearnest purity
              • v[adN]those who are diligent; the diligent
              • vadNearnest; faithful
              • vadVearnestly; sedulously
              • vigenerous and pure in attitude, earnest and pure
              誠心  chéng xīn OC: djeŋ slɯm MC: dʑiɛŋ sim 3 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadVearnestly
              • VPiactshow earnestness
              亶  dǎn OC: taanʔ MC: tɑn 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadStruly
              諒  liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD

              Liàng 諒 refers to sincerity of attitude as a moral virtue.

                Syntactic words
              • visincere
              允  yǔn OC: k-lunʔ MC: jʷin 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadVarchaic and formal: sincerely
              切  qiē, qiè OC: snʰiid MC: tshet 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vi.redintensitivebe very earnest???
              鄭  zhèng OC: deŋs MC: ɖiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • viearnest
              善心  shàn xīn OC: ɡjenʔ slɯm MC: dʑiɛn sim 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadVearnestly, in good earnestness
              誠實  chéng shí OC: djeŋ ɢljiɡ MC: dʑiɛŋ ʑit
              成實  chéng shí OC: djeŋ ɢljiɡ MC: dʑiɛŋ ʑit 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe earnest and dependable
              敦厚  dūn hòu OC: tuun ɡooʔ MC: tuo̝n ɦu 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPabpsychearnest candour
              款篤  kuǎn dǔ OC: khoonʔ tuuɡ MC: khʷɑn tuok 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPiactshow great earnest devotion
              款著  kuǎn zhǔ OC: khoonʔ k-laʔ MC: khʷɑn ti̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPidistinguish oneself through earnestness ???
              篤厚  dǔ hòu OC: tuuɡ ɡooʔ MC: tuok ɦu 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPadNearnestLZ
              • VPiactbe earnestly devoted in action
              純篤  chún dǔ OC: djun tuuɡ MC: dʑʷin tuok 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe spiritually pure and earnest
              至心  zhì xīn OC: kljiɡs slɯm MC: tɕi sim 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadVearnestly; with (Buddhist) devotion
              至誠  zhì chéng OC: kljiɡs djeŋ MC: tɕi dʑiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe completely sincere and earnest
              慎  shèn 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vtoNbe earnest with regard to NLZ
              端誠  duān chéng MC: twan dzyeng OC: toon djeŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPabfeatureearnestness. sincerityLZ
              厚敦  hòu dūn MC: huwX twon OC: ɡooʔ tuunLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPipsychbe earnestLZ
              謹愨  jǐn què MC: kj+nX khaewk OC: klɯnʔ khrooɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPabactearnest, dutiful behaviourLZ
              脩脩  xiū xiū MC: sjuw sjuw OC: sqlɯw sqlɯwLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vi.redmeticulousLZ
              赤  chì MC: tsyhek OC: khjaɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadNsincereLZ
              頓頓焉  dùn dùn yān MC: twonH twonH hjen OC: tuuns tuuns ɢanLZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPadVearnestly, franklyLZ
              誠必  chéng bì MC: dzyeng pjit OC: djeŋ piɡDS 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe earnestly determined; be absolutely earnest and reliableDS
              孚  fū OC: pho MC: phi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vibe honest and earnest
              信誠  xìn chéng OC: sins djeŋ MC: sin dʑiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPiintensitivebe quite sincere
              真切  zhēn qiè OC: tjin snʰiids MC: tɕin tshei 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPibe entirely sincere/earnest
              篤行  dǔ xíng OC: tuuɡ ɢraaŋ MC: tuok ɦɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • VPiactbe earnest in one's practice
              實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadNearnest, sincerely; seriously concerned
                Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: LZ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadVearnestlyLZ
              真真  zhen1 MC: -- -- OC: -- --LZ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadVearnestlyLZ

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