BIRTH  出生

BEGINNING of LIFE.
CHILDBIRTHDELIVERYNATIVITYBIRTHINGBLESSED/HAPPY EVENTFORMAL PARTURITIONDATED CONFINEMENTARCHAIC ACCOUCHEMENTCHILDBED
Antonym
  • DIESTOP LIVING.
    Hypernym
    • BEGINENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST.
      • STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
          • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
    See also
    • ARISEThe EVENT that something BEGINS to EXIST.
      Hyponym
      Old Chinese Criteria
      [BASIC/MARGINAL]

      [FACT/PROCESS]

      [+FIG/LITERAL]

      [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

      1. Shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "die") is a colourless general word for the fact of being delivered of offspring or for engendering offspring, and the word also has many derived and related meanings.

      [FACT], [+FIG], [GENERAL]; [[COMMON+]]

      2. Chǎn 產 can focus on the physical process of birth alone, but the word can connote the act of rearing or even breeding. See REAR.

      [LITERAL], [PROCESS]; [[COMMON]]

      3. Zì 字 is a rare very archaic word referring to the production of offspring.

      [ARCHAIC], [LITERAL]; [[RARE]]

      4. Yù 育 is a rare fairly archaic word for giving birth to and rearing offspring.

      [ARCHAIC], [LITERAL], [PROCESS]

      5. Rǔ 乳 viewS the act of giving birth as immediately preceding and linked to the feeding of what one has given birth to.

      [LITERAL], [MARGINAL], [PROCESS]; [[RARE]]

      4. Sū 穌 "be born again" belongs to the realm of religious discourse.

      [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      誕生

      出生

      降生

      落生

      生

      娩出

      落地

      墜地

      出世

      出娘胎

      落草

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.72

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 392

        275. Inter Generat et parturit. Generare masculos dicimus, parturire feminas. Ut puta: Ille generavit, illa parturiit.

      • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 99?

      • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.58

      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 737

        生，產

        1. WL claim that 二字在生，生長，出產，出生等意義上同。 The contrast is clear enough, though. Cha3n 產 refers to what is born, grows where and when it is intended to grow or welcome to grow. She1ng 生 is the general word which has no such connotations.

      • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.425.382

        ENFANTER.ACCOUCHER.ENGENDRER

      • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 286

      • () p. 137

      Words

      生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 131 AttributionsWD

      Shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "die") is a colourless general word for the fact of being delivered of offspring or for engendering offspring, and the word also has many derived and related meanings. [FACT], [+FIG], [GENERAL]; [[COMMON+]]

        Word relations
      • Epithet: 初/BEGIN Chū 初 (ant. mò 末 "end") is purely chronological and refers to the early stage of something that persists, without indicating any lasting influence of that early stage on later developments. See FIRST
      • Contrast: 成/COMPLETE The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成.
      • Oppos: 有/POSSESS

        Syntactic words
      • nabbuddhistbirth (as part of the fours phases of birth, continuation, change, and extinction)
      • nabprocessbirth
      • nabprocesscycle of rebirths; rebirth
      • v-p.adVfrom birth; at birth 生而
      • v[adN](the entirety of) what is so in a creature or thing from birth (or from its origins); what is innate in a creature;CH
      • vadNborn, birth- (as in birth-place), rebirth- (as in rebirth-station)
      • vi+N{PLACE}be born in N; be reborn in
      • viactreproduce, have offspring; give birth to things
      • vimiddle voiceget born; be born
      • virebirthbe reborn
      • vt(+N[INDEF])give birth to indefinite and omitted N
      • vt(oN)give birth to the contextually determinate N
      • vt+prep+Nbe born in N; get reborn in N
      • vt+prep+Nbe born at the time NCH
      • vt+prep+Nbe born from, originate fromCH
      • vtoNgive birth to; cause to come into existence
      • vtoNcausativecause to be born; engender
      • vtoNfigurativegive birth to (oneself)
      • vtoNmiddle voicederived: begin to grow, begin to sproutCH
      • vtoNsubject=maleprocreate
      出世  chū shì OC: khljud lʰebs MC: tɕhʷit ɕiɛi 8 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPimiddle voiceBUDDH: be born into the world, appear in the world (in Buddhist texts often specifically referring to a Bodhisattva or a saint)
      • VPtoNBUDDH: be born in, appear in the world at (in Buddhist texts often specifically referring to a Bodhisattva or a saint)
      產  chǎn OC: sqreenʔ MC: ʂɣɛn 7 AttributionsWD

      Chǎn 產 can focus on the physical process of birth alone, but the word can connote the act of rearing or even breeding. See REAR. [LITERAL], [PROCESS]; [[COMMON]]

        Syntactic words
      • vadNbelonging to the stage of birth, childbirth- 產褥
      • viactgive birth; produce
      • viprocessbe born 陳良楚產也 [NB: the distinction with 屈產之乘 is unclear: does 產 really involve breading?]
      • vt+N{PLACE}middle voicebe born in N, hail from N
      • vtoNbe delivered of, give birth to
      出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vi+N{PLACE}be born in
      • vichangecome into existence, be born
      • vifigurativecome into existence, emergeCH
      • vifigurativecome into existene, emergeCH
      • vtoNcause to arise> give rise to, bring into existence
      生而  shēng ér OC: sraaŋ njɯ MC: ʂɣaŋ ȵɨ 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadVfrom birth, innately
      育  yù OC: luɡ MC: juk 4 AttributionsWD

      Zì 字, yù 育, and rǔ 乳 view the act of giving birth as immediately preceding and linked to the fostering up of what one has given birth to.

        Syntactic words
      • viprocreateLZ
      • viactgive birth to a child YI: 婦孕不育 if women get pregnant but do not get to give birth and bring up children
      • vtoNmiddle voice: be born
      乳  rǔ OC: njoʔ MC: ȵi̯o 3 AttributionsWD

      Zì 字, yù 育, and rǔ 乳 view the act of giving birth as immediately preceding and linked to the fostering up of what one has given birth to.

        Syntactic words
      • viactgive birth to a child
      • vt(oN)give birth to (and foster up) the contextually determinate creature
      • vtoNgive birth to
      有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNinchoativebeget (a child), engender, procreate
      出自  chū zì OC: khljud sblids MC: tɕhʷit dzi 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNbe born from; be descended from
      墮  duò OC: ɡ-loolʔ MC: dʷɑ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNcome to be reborn as (a hungry ghost etc)
      子  zǐ OC: sklɯʔ MC: tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNgive birth to as a child
      字  zì OC: sɡlɯs MC: dzɨ 1 AttributionWD

      Zì 字, yù 育, and rǔ 乳 view the act of giving birth as immediately preceding and linked to the fostering up of what one has given birth to.

        Syntactic words
      • vihave children
      誕  dàn OC: laanʔ MC: dɑn 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabbirth, the process of giving birth
      • viprocessbe born
      降  jiàng OC: kruums MC: kɣɔŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • videscend into this world (and be born)
      出生  chū shēng OC: khljud sraaŋ MC: tɕhʷit ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabeventbirth
      • NPsubjectwhat is born, what is alive
      • VPichangebe born
      分身  fēn shēn OC: pɯn qhjin MC: pi̯un ɕin 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactgive birth to a child; be delivered of a child
      生來  shēng lái OC: sraaŋ m-rɯɯ MC: ʂɣaŋ ləi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNthe N from the time of birth
      產生  chǎn shēng OC: sqreenʔ sraaŋ MC: ʂɣɛn ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNengender
      興世  xīng shì OC: qhɯŋ lʰebs MC: hɨŋ ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPieventbe born into this world
      誕生  dàn shēng OC: laanʔ sraaŋ MC: dɑn ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPimiddle voicebe born
      載誕  zài dàn OC: sɡlɯɯs laanʔ MC: dzəi dɑn 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprocessbirth
      • VPimiddle voicebe born
      • VPtoNgive birth to
      轉身  zhuǎn shēn OC: tonʔ qhjin MC: ʈiɛn ɕin 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPieventbe reborn
      作  zuò MC: tsuH OC: tsaaɡCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • viprocessbe born; come into existence as a group; ariseCH
      來  lái MC: loj OC: m-rɯɯCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • viprocessemerge in this world: be bornCH
      孕別  yùn bié MC: yingH bjet OC: p-lɯŋs bredLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiprocreateLZ
      別  bié MC: bjet OC: bredLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vito procreateLZ
      娩  miǎn OC: mronʔ MC: miɛn 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • viprocessgive birth to a child
      度  dù OC: ɡ-laaɡs MC: duo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vibe born into this world
      毓  yù OC: luɡ MC: juk 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNgive birth to
      蘇  sū OC: sɡlaa MC: suo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

      Sū 穌 "be born again" belongs to the realm of religious discourse.　See RESURRECTION

        Syntactic words
      生下  shēng xià OC: sraaŋ ɢraaʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPt(oN)give birth to a contextually determinate N
      降生  jiàng shēng OC: kruums sraaŋ MC: kɣɔŋ ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNgive birth to from above
        Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • viprocessbe born; come into existence as a group; ariseCH
        Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • viprocessemerge in this world: be bornCH

      Existing SW for

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