SIT    坐居

SUPPORT one's WEIGHT USING one's BUTTOCKS AND KEEPING ONE'S SPINE UPRIGHT.
TAKE A SEATSEAT ONESELFBE SEATEDPERCHENSCONCE ONESELFPLUMP ONESELFFLOPINFORMAL TAKE THE LOAD/WEIGHT OFF ONE'S FEETPLUNK ONESELFTAKE A LOAD OFF
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for sitting is not properly zuò 坐 (see KNEEL) but probably jū 居 "sit down", which is a decorous thing to do, although it is not clear in which position, exactly, one ends up, and the suspicion is that one ends up, in fact, kneeling politely in the zuò 坐 fashion. 2. Dūn 蹲 is to squat on the floor, sitting on one's behind, but keeping a certain decorous pose. 3. Jù 踞 refers to squatting with one's legs spread to both sides, which was regarded as a very informal and impolite thing to do in public. 4. Jí 集 refers to birds settling in a certain place, often but not always in a flock.
Modern Chinese Criteria
坐 栖 端坐 正襟危坐 席地而坐 箕踞 踞坐 盤膝 盤腿 趺坐 跏趺 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ROOST　SIT ON TREE, of a BIRD. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
See also
  • KNEELBOW DOWN AND SUPPORT ONESELF on the FLOOR USING one's KNEES.
  • KNEELBOW DOWN AND SUPPORT ONESELF on the FLOOR USING one's KNEES.
  • MATA BLANKET FOR PUTTING ON the FLOOR.
Hypernym
  • SUPPORT　HELP so as to CAUSE NOT to FALL OR so as to CAUSE to FLOURISH. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
  • HELP　TRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
  • TRY　ACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING. (anc: 12/0, child: 9)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.13

  • 說“安”字 語言學論叢 Yuyanxue Luncong ( CHEN JIAN 2005) p. 356ff

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1377

    蹲，踞，坐

    1. WL describes the physical distinction correctly, but omits the crucial point that du1n 蹲 in the meaning "squat" is rare indeed in pre-Buddhist literature on the one hand, and that there is a crucial difference in decorousness between the words in question: zuo4 坐 is formal and correct, du1n 蹲 is informal but acceptable and unprovocative, ju4 踞 is highly informal and provocatively so. There is nothing self-evident in the social valuation of du1n 蹲.

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 194ff

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 331

    • Words (28 items)

    坐  zuò OC: sɡoolʔ MC: dzʷɑ 23 Attributions

    The current word for sitting is not properly zuò 坐 (see KNEEL) but probably jū 居 "sit down", which is a decorous thing to do, although it is not clear in which position, exactly, one ends up, and the suspicion is that one ends up, in fact, kneeling politely in the zuò 坐 fashion.

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 侍/ACCOMPANY The general word for accompanying someone of superior status is probably shì 侍 refers to polite attendance upon a master or leader, typically while in residence, but occasionally also on journeys. See SERVE. >>STATIONARY, ASCENDING

      Syntactic words
    • nabkneeling formallyTWH
    • v[adN]nonreferentialsomeone sitting/kneelingCH
    • vadVwhile sitting and doing nothing; while sitting, during sitting (in meditation)
    • vipost-Han: sit: 踞床而坐CHECK?????
    • vi[0]imperativesit (i.e. kneel!) down!
    • viactsit (in mediation)
    • viact inchoativesit downCH
    • vt(oN)sit in the contextually determinate seat/place
    • vt+prep+Nsit in place N
    • vtoNcausativeto seat someone, cause to sit (facing a certain direction etc)
    • vtoNcausativecause oneself to sit (in a certain direction etc), seat oneself
    • vtoNinchoativesit down on
    居  jū OC: ka MC: ki̯ɤ 13 Attributions

    The current word for sitting is not properly zuò 坐 (see KNEEL) but probably jū 居 "sit down", which is a decorous thing to do, although it is not clear in which position, exactly, one ends up, and the suspicion is that one ends up, in fact, kneeling politely in the zuò 坐 fashion.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 起/RISE The most current general word for rising or raising oneself up, or rising to an upright position of any kind is qǐ 起 (ant. jiàng 降 "go down").

      Syntactic words
    • vi[0]imperativesit down and don't go away!
    • viactsit, squat NB: DUAN YUCAI 399  
    • vt(oN)sit on the contextually determinate object
    • vtoNsit in
    集  jí OC: sɡub MC: dzip 9 Attributions

    Jí 集 refers to birds settling in a certain place, often but not always in a flock.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNspecificof birds: roosting, sittingCH
    • viactsettle down; find a perch
    • vt+prep+Nperch on; sit on, settle on
    • vtoNperch on; sit on, settle on; settle in (a place)
    踞  jù OC: kas MC: ki̯ɤ 4 Attributions

    Jù 踞 refers to squatting with one's legs spread to both sides, which was regarded as a very informal and impolite thing to do in public.

      Syntactic words
    • viactsit informally with one's bottom on the floor and with one's legs spread out to the sides
    • vtoNsquat on
    升座  shēng zuò OC: qhljɯŋ sɡools MC: ɕɨŋ dzʷɑ
    升坐  shēng zuò OC: qhljɯŋ sɡools MC: ɕɨŋ dzʷɑ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsit down in the seat of honour
    踞轉  jù zhuǎn OC: kas tonʔ MC: ki̯ɤ ʈiɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactquat together on the ground
    據  jù OC: klas MC: ki̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVsquattingly; squatting on the heels ?? (HYDCD: 據 = 跨，蹲)
    • vtoNsquat on NDS
    侍坐  shì zuò OC: ɡljɯs sɡoolʔ MC: dʑɨ dzʷɑ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Nsit alongside and serve NCH
    • VPt(oN)sit (i.e. kneel in the Chinese fashion) in attendance on the contextually determinate N
    就坐  jiù zuò OC: dzuɡs sɡoolʔ MC: dzɨu dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsit down
    處  chǔ MC: tsyhoX OC: khljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake one's seat in (a seat of honour etc.)CH
    踞坐  jù zuò OC: kas sɡoolʔ MC: ki̯ɤ dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPisit in an informal way with one's legs spred out
    跱  zhì OC: ɡrlɯʔ MC: ɖɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsquat in (a place)
    踆  dūn MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactsit down demonstratively; carry out a sit-inCH
    加趺坐  jiā fū zuò OC: kraal pa sɡoolʔ MC: kɣɛ pi̯o dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsit in lotus position as part of Buddhist practice
    南面  nán miàn MC: nom mjienH OC: noom mens 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPisit facing south, in a (not necessarily the only) seat of honourCH
    端坐  duān zuò OC: toon sɡoolʔ MC: tʷɑn dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPisit straight (as in meditation)
    結跏  jié jiā OC: kiid kraal MC: ket kɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiact(BUDDH:) to cross one's legs (and take in the Lotus position for meditation); see 結跏趺坐
    跏趺坐  jiā fū zuò OC: kraal pa sɡoolʔ MC: kɣɛ pi̯o dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactBUDDH: sit cross-legged (with both feet tugged up), sit in the Lotus-position (during meditation) (for a thorough explanation of this position see 結跏趺坐); skr. nyaṣīdat-parya%nkam ābhujya
    結加趺坐  jié jiā fū zuò OC: kiid kraal pa sɡoolʔ MC: ket kɣɛ pi̯o dzʷɑ
    結跏趺坐  jié jiā fū zuò OC: kiid kraal pa sɡoolʔ MC: ket kɣɛ pi̯o dzʷɑ 1 Attribution

    BUDDH: sit cross-legged (with both feet tugged up), sit in the Lotus-position (during meditation); skr. nyaṣīdat-paryaṅkam ābhujya (other tr. of the term include: 結加趺坐, 結跏跗坐, 跏趺正坐, 跏趺坐, 加趺坐, 跏坐結坐) (in Buddhist meditation this position is regarded as the most stable and supportive; if only one foot is tugged up then this is referred to as 'half-Lotus position' (半跏趺坐); if both feet are tugged up it is also referred to as 'full-Lotus' (全跏坐, 本跏坐, 全坐. 全跏, 大坐, 蓮華坐); since all Buddhas are supposed to sit in this position it is occasionally also referred to as 如來坐, 佛坐; there are two positions in the full-Lotus: (1) the left foot over the right foot, referred to as 'Demon-subduing position' (降魔坐); (2) the right foot over the left foot, soemtimes referred to as 'Auspicious position' (吉祥坐)) [CA]

    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 5186

      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsit in lotus position
    夷  yí OC: li MC: ji 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactsit; squat
    席  xí OC: sɢljaɡ MC: ziɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viacttake a seat on a mat
    栖  qī MC: sej OC: siil 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1. N2permissive=棲 make N perch on N{PLACE}CH
    御坐  yù zuò OC: ŋas sɡools MC: ŋi̯ɤ dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsit in attendance with
    跏趺端坐  jiā fū duān zuò OC: kraal pa toon sɡoolʔ MC: kɣɛ pi̯o tʷɑn dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactBUDDH: sit cross-legged (with both feet tugged up) in a straight positon, sit in the Lotus-position (during meditation) (for a thorough explanation of this position see 結跏趺坐); skr. nyaṣīdat-parya%nkam ābhujya
    箕  jī MC: ki OC: kɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • visit indecorouslyCH
    坐其座  zuò qí zuò OC: sɡoolʔ ɡɯ sɡools MC: dzʷɑ gɨ dzʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactkneel in one's seat; take one's seat
    蹲  dūn OC: dzuun MC: dzuo̝n 0 Attributions

    Dūn 蹲 is to squat on the floor, sitting on one's behind, but keeping a certain decorous pose.

      Syntactic words
    • viactto squat
    安  ān OC: qaan MC: ʔɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactsit down comfortable, settle down in sitting position YIZHOUSHU