SHUT    關閉閉

BLOCK a DOOR OR A GATE in an ORDINARY WAY.
CLOSEPULL/PUSH TOSLAMFASTENPUT THE LID ONBARLOCKSECURE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general word for closing anything is probably bì 閉. 2. Guān 關 refers specifically to shut and lock a door with a bolt. 3. Jiǒng 扃 refers to closing and locking a door from the outside. 4. Hé 闔 is an archaic and dignified word for closing something, mostly a door. 5. Mán 瞞 refers occassionally to closing one's eyes. 6. Fēng 封 can refer to closing and sealing something.
Modern Chinese Criteria
關 關閉 掩閉 閉 合 掩 闔 關門 閉門 闔門 闔戶 扃戶 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • OPENDISPLACE what BLOCKS.
See also
  • HINDERSTOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do.
Hypernym
  • BLOCK　HINDER something by PUTTING something in a PLACE where it CAUSES THINGS which NORMALLY CAN MOVE in that PLACE NOT TO MOVE there. (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • HINDER　STOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • STOP　ACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION. (anc: 12/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.25

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 221

    • Words (16 items)

    閉  bì OC: piids MC: pei 23 Attributions

    The most general word for closing anything is probably bì 閉.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 啟/OPEN The most common general word for opening things is qǐ 啟 (ant. bì 閉 "close") which can refer to all sorts of opening up of all manner of things.
    • Ant: 開/OPEN Kāi 開 (ant. bì 閉 "close") and pì 闢 "open wide" (ant. fēng 封 "close tightly") refer primarily to the opening of doors, windows and the like.
    • Object: 戶/DOOR Hù 戶 refers to a one-leaf minor door which may be the main door to an ordinary home. [HUANG 1995: 1017 - 1018; ill.: SUN 1991: 44-17]
    • Object: 門/GATE The current general word for a gate or door of any kind is mén 門, but the word also refers specifically to the two-leaf main gate rather than small doors inside a building complex.
    • Contrast: 關/SHUT Guān 關 refers specifically to shut and lock a door with a bolt.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNclose (door so as to let no one in); lock up, bolt; close (mouth); shut (one's eyes)
    • vtoNfigurativeshut off (figuratively)
    • vtoNpassivebe locked; be closed; be blocked
    闔  hé OC: ɡaab MC: ɦɑp 6 Attributions

    Hé 闔 is an archaic and dignified word for closing something, mostly a door.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 啟/OPEN The most common general word for opening things is qǐ 啟 (ant. bì 閉 "close") which can refer to all sorts of opening up of all manner of things.
    • Ant: 開/OPEN Kāi 開 (ant. bì 閉 "close") and pì 闢 "open wide" (ant. fēng 封 "close tightly") refer primarily to the opening of doors, windows and the like.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe closed; get closed
    • viactshut the door; keep the door closed
    • vt(oN)keep the contextually determinate N shutCH
    • vtoNclose (door)
    鎖  suǒ OC: soolʔ MC: sʷɑ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto shut; to lock (with a key)
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe locked (away) (behind, at)
    合  hé OC: ɡloob MC: ɦəp 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)close the contextually determinate object
    • vt[oN]reflexiveclose oneself (as a mussel)CH
    關  guān OC: kroon MC: kɣan 1 Attribution

    Guān 關 refers specifically to shut and lock a door with a bolt.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 閉/SHUT The most general word for closing anything is probably bì 閉.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlock door with a shuān 閂
    • vtoNpassivebe closed; be lockedDS
    封閉  fēng bì OC: poŋ piids MC: pi̯oŋ pei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmiddle voicebe shut and sealed, be closed, be locked
    嗋  xié MC: xjaemH OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)closeCH
    封  fēng OC: poŋ MC: pi̯oŋ 1 Attribution

    Fēng 封 can refer to closing and sealing something.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe hemmed in by
    掩  yǎn OC: qromʔ MC: ʔiɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han, Tang: close the door
    閉卻  bì què OC: piids khaɡ MC: pei khi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativeshut, lock (a door)
    牢  láo OC: ruu MC: lɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNclose firmly
    瞑  mián MC: men OC: meen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNclose (one's eyes)CH
    扃  jiōng OC: kʷeeŋ MC: keŋ 0 Attributions

    Jiǒng 扃 refers to closing and locking a door from the outside.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNWENZI: lock (from the outside) so that those inside cannot get out
    • vtoNpassivebe locked up (from the outside)
    牢閉  láo bì OC: ruu piids MC: lɑu pei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)shut the contextually determinate (door) firmly
    瞑  mián MC: men OC: meen 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNclose (one's eyes)CH
    瞞  mán OC: mboon MC: mʷɑn 0 Attributions

    Mán 瞞 refers occassionally to closing one's eyes.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]shut the eyes