AIR  空氣風

GAS which FILLS SPACE ON EARTH. 
SKYATMOSPHEREHEAVENSETHER
Hypernym
  • GASSUBSTANCE IN which THINGS CAN FLOAT AND FLY BUT NOT SWIM.
    • SUBSTANCETHING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
      • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
See also
  • BREATHEDISPLACE AIR so as to FILL the LUNGS with AIR AND THEN CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of that AIR in order to SURVIVE.
      Hyponym
      • WIND　AIR in STRONG MOTION.*Wind from a direction X. [Why so rarely the direction towards which the wind is moving?]
      Old Chinese Criteria
      [ABSTRACT/CONCRETE]

      [COMMON/RARE]

      [GENERAL/SPECIALISED]

      [IMMOBILE/MOBILE]

      1. Fēng 風 "wind" is primarily air-in-motion, but does sometimes seems to refer to what we would call "air", as in ZHUANG 1.

      CONCRETE, [MOBILE!]; [[COMMON]]

      2. Qì 氣 "ether" is typically more abstract than English "air" and refers to constitutive energies underlying both air and wind as well as fog, dew, rivers, mountains and so on. The word is also the standard word for "breath".

      [ABSTRACT]; [[COMMON]]

      3. Fēn 氛 usually refers to vapour as manifestation of auspicious or inauspicious occurrences, and the word is marginal in this series.

      [SPECIALISED]; [[RARE]]

      NB: The abstract notion of "air" as such is not currently focussed on in early Chinese literature.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      空氣

      大氣

      冷氣

      涼氣

      寒氣

      冷空氣

      寒潮

      寒流

      暖氣

      熱氣

      熱浪

      暑氣

      first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.71

      • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 456

        AER

        Splendid summary of current understanding of this element.

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 1

        82. Utrumque ostendit Varro, lib. IV ling. Lat., dict. Coelum.

        -- Sane... Ex Servio, ad illud III Aen.: Nec lucidus aethra siderea polus.

        ]

        82. Inter Coelum et aether ita distinguitur. Quod non tantum ille astriferus [ F., astrifer] locus, sed et [col. 19B] iste aer coelum vocatur. Aether autem sublimior coeli pars est, in quo sidera constituta sunt. Sane et aether 13 aer ignens est superior, aethra vero lux et splendor est aetheris.

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

        AETHER, AER

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 257

      • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.181

      • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 69

      • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no. 34

      • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no. 34

      • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 209B

        AETHER(LUFT)

      Words

      氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 13 AttributionsWD

      Qì 氣 "ether" is typically more abstract than English "air" and refers to constitutive energies underlying both air and wind as well as fog, dew, rivers, mountains and so on. The word is also the standard word for "breath". [ABSTRACT]; [[COMMON]]

        Word relations
      • Subject: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
      • Epithet: 暖 / 暖/HOT Nuǎn 暖／煖 (ant. liáng 涼"cool") is very mild heat.
      • Epithet: 寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").
      • Contrast: 風/WIND The dominant word for wind is fēng 風.

        Syntactic words
      • nmair; breeze; atmosphere; ether
      • npost-Nair of NDS
      風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 9 AttributionsWD

      Fēng 風 "wind" is primarily air-in-motion, but does sometimes seems to refer to what we would call "air", as in ZHUANG 1. CONCRETE, [MOBILE!]; [[COMMON]]

        Syntactic words
      • nadVlike the air; like a breezeCH
      • nmthe air carried by the wind: air
      空  kōng OC: khooŋ MC: khuŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nmmidair; air; space
      風氣  fěng qì MC: pjuwngH khj+jH OC: plums khɯdsCH 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPairCH
      虛  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nmair, thin air
      氛  fēn OC: phɯn MC: phi̯un 0 AttributionsWD

      Fēn 氛 usually refers to vapour as manifestation of auspicious or inauspicious occurrences, and the word is marginal in this series. [SPECIALISED]; [[RARE]]

        Syntactic words
      • nmvapour, gas

      Existing SW for

      Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

        Searching Wikidata

        Type: