AIR    空氣風

GAS which FILLS SPACE ON EARTH. 
SKYATMOSPHEREHEAVENSETHER
Old Chinese Criteria
[ABSTRACT/CONCRETE] [COMMON/RARE] [GENERAL/SPECIALISED] [IMMOBILE/MOBILE] 1. Fēng 風 "wind" is primarily air-in-motion, but does sometimes seems to refer to what we would call "air", as in ZHUANG 1. CONCRETE, [MOBILE!]; [[COMMON]] 2. Qì 氣 "ether" is typically more abstract than English "air" and refers to constitutive energies underlying both air and wind as well as fog, dew, rivers, mountains and so on. The word is also the standard word for "breath". [ABSTRACT]; [[COMMON]] 3. Fēn 氛 usually refers to vapour as manifestation of auspicious or inauspicious occurrences, and the word is marginal in this series. [SPECIALISED]; [[RARE]] NB: The abstract notion of "air" as such is not currently focussed on in early Chinese literature.
Modern Chinese Criteria
空氣 大氣 冷氣 涼氣 寒氣 冷空氣 寒潮 寒流 暖氣 熱氣 熱浪 暑氣 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • WIND　AIR in STRONG MOTION.*Wind from a direction X. [Why so rarely the direction towards which the wind is moving?] (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
    See also
    • BREATHEDISPLACE AIR so as to FILL the LUNGS with AIR AND THEN CAUSE the LUNGS TO BECOME EMPTY of that AIR in order to SURVIVE.
    Hypernym
    • GAS　SUBSTANCE IN which THINGS CAN FLOAT AND FLY BUT NOT SWIM. (anc: 5/0, child: 1)
    • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
    • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.71

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 456

    AER

    Splendid summary of current understanding of this element.

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 1

    82. Utrumque ostendit Varro, lib. IV ling. Lat., dict. Coelum.

    -- Sane... Ex Servio, ad illud III Aen.: Nec lucidus aethra siderea polus.

    ]

    82. Inter Coelum et aether ita distinguitur. Quod non tantum ille astriferus [ F., astrifer] locus, sed et [col. 19B] iste aer coelum vocatur. Aether autem sublimior coeli pars est, in quo sidera constituta sunt. Sane et aether 13 aer ignens est superior, aethra vero lux et splendor est aetheris.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    AETHER, AER

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 257

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.181

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 69

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no. 34

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no. 34

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 209B

    AETHER(LUFT)

    • Words (6 items)

    氣  qì OC: khɯds MC: khɨi 13 Attributions

    Qì 氣 "ether" is typically more abstract than English "air" and refers to constitutive energies underlying both air and wind as well as fog, dew, rivers, mountains and so on. The word is also the standard word for "breath". [ABSTRACT]; [[COMMON]]

      Word relations
    • Subject: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").
    • Epithet: 暖 / 暖/HOT Nuǎn 暖／煖 (ant. liáng 涼"cool") is very mild heat.
    • Epithet: 寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").
    • Contrast: 風/WIND The dominant word for wind is fēng 風.

      Syntactic words
    • nmair; breeze; atmosphere; ether
    • npost-Nair of NDS
    風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 9 Attributions

    Fēng 風 "wind" is primarily air-in-motion, but does sometimes seems to refer to what we would call "air", as in ZHUANG 1. CONCRETE, [MOBILE!]; [[COMMON]]

      Syntactic words
    • nadVlike the air; like a breezeCH
    • nmthe air carried by the wind: air
    風氣  fěng qì MC: pjuwngH khj+jH OC: plums khɯds 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPairCH
    空  kōng OC: khooŋ MC: khuŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmmidair; air; space
    虛  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmair, thin air
    氛  fēn OC: phɯn MC: phi̯un 0 Attributions

    Fēn 氛 usually refers to vapour as manifestation of auspicious or inauspicious occurrences, and the word is marginal in this series. [SPECIALISED]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • nmvapour, gas