TIME  時間

ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
Hypernym
See also
  • ETERNITYPERIOD LACKING LIMITS.
    • SPACEWhat ALL THINGS BE-IN:are-in.
      Hyponym
      • PAST　PERIOD BEFORE NOW.
        • RECENT　PAST AND NOT DISTANT.
        • FORMER　Who in the PAST was something X BUT HAS BECOME NOT X at the PRESENT.
        • ORIGIN　PAST as DISTANT OR NEAR CAUSE of SOMETHING.
        • ANCIENT　INTENSELY PAST
        • OLD-FASHIONED　PAST AND ALREADY NOT MODERN OR GOOD
      • LATE　TIME when some OTHER TIME has ALREADY HAPPENED:passed, or when something SHOULD ALREADY have HAPPENED.
        • NOON　TIME of MIDDLE of the DAY.
          • OFTEN　At MANY TIMES.
            • NORMAL　OFTEN:frequent AND CONFORMING to PRINCIPLE.
            • TYPICALLY　RARELY NOT
          • ONCE　ONE TIME.
            • PERIOD　TIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS.
              • AFTERNOON　PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO MID-DAY AND BEFORE EVENING. 
              • AGE　PERIOD a CREATURE has been LIVE:alive in the PAST. ...
              • DAY　PERIOD FROM MORNING TO EVENING OR FROM MIDNIGHT TO MIDNIGHT....
              • EVENING　PERIOD of DAY BEFORE one SLEEPS AND LATER:after one STOPS WORKING.
              • FUTURE　TIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW....
              • GENERATION　PERIOD EQUAL to that of the LIFE of a HUMAN.
              • MORNING　PERIOD BEFORE AND AFTER SUNRISE, BEFORE MIDDAY.
              • SEASON　ONE of FOUR PERIODS into which the YEAR is DIVIDED.
              • EARLY　TIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED...
              • MEANWHILE　PERIOD when ANOTHER EVENT is OR was HAPPENING.
              • MONTH　PERIOD of APPROXIMATELY 30 DAYS into which the YEAR is DIVIDED.
              • WEEK　PERIOD of TYPICALLY 7 OR 10 DAYS into which the MONTH is DIVIDED.
              • NIGHT　PART of DAY when it is COMPLETELY DARK AND when one SLEEPS.
              • WHILE　DURING the PERIOD WHEN S. GRAMMAR[]...
              • HOUR　PERIODS into which the DAY OR a PART of a DAY is DIVIDED.
              • MINUTE　MORE SHORT PERIODS into which an HOUR is DIVIDED.
              • ETERNITY　PERIOD LACKING LIMITS.
              • HOLIDAY　PERIOD when PUBLIC EMPLOYEES do NOT WORK.
              • CRISIS　IMPORTANT SITUATION OR PERIOD in which there EXIST MANY DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES for the DEVELOPMENT of a SOCIETY.
              • LIFE　PERIOD DURING WHICH ONE LIVES
            • YEAR　TIME OF the SUN MOVING ROUND the EARTH.
              • MOMENT　POINT of TIME OR INTENSELY SHORT TIME.
                • THEREUPON　At the MOMENT WHEN something OTHER has HAPPENED.NB: THEN is taken as a logical conditional relation, whereas THEREUPON is temporal. The distinction needs much more attention.
                • NOW　MOMENT BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE.
                • TIMELY　At the APPROPRIATE OR CORRECT MOMENT.
                • LIMIT　MOMENT OR PLACE which DEFINES what is INSIDE AND what is OUTSIDE something....
              • FUTURE　TIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW.
                • IMMEDIATELY　AFTER an INTENSELY SHORT PERIOD, LACKING DELAY.
                • SOON　FUTURE that is COMPARATIVELY NEAR.
              • EARLY　TIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED
                • PRECEDE　EARLY IN-RELATION-TO something.
                • BEFORE　EARLY IN-RELATION-TO.
              • DATE　
                Old Chinese Criteria
                1. An abstract general word for time as such is rì yuè 日月 or nián suì 年歲.

                2. Shí 時 refers to any period of time or point in time.

                3. Jì 際 can refer to a juncture in time.

                4. Jī 機 comes to refer to a crucial juncture or point in time, but so far no pre-Buddhist examples have been found.

                Modern Chinese Criteria
                時間

                時刻

                時日

                工夫

                功夫

                日子

                光陰

                時光

                韶光

                韶華

                年華

                年光

                流光

                流年

                年月

                歲月

                歲華

                歲時

                居諸

                日

                時

                時候

                時節

                時分

                時刻

                天時

                天道

                早晚

                當兒

                天兒

                時光

                辰光

                時

                際

                上

                下

                rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 46

                  AION

                • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 181

                • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                  TEMPUS

                • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. ２１

                • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1298

                • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.1186

                  ZEIT

                • Enzyklopaedie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie ( MITTELSTRASS 1996) p. 4.827

                  ZEIT ETC.

                • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 319

                • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 154

                • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p. 10.43

                • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

                  TIME/CONSCIOUSNESS OF, TIME

                • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

                • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.281:187

                  DUREE.TEMPS

                • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.400

                • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. B 19

                • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

                Words

                時  shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 46 AttributionsWD

                Shí 時 refers to any period of time or point in time.

                  Word relations
                • Object: 應/REACT The general term for a responding action is yìng 應 (ant. gǎn 感 "stimulate").
                • Epithet: 變/CHANGE The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change from one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng �� "remain constant").

                  Syntactic words
                • nab(post-N)the time of the contextually determinate NLZ
                • nab.post-Sthe time when S obtained. Perhaps this must often be taken to work as nab.post-S1:adS2
                • nabdimensiondimension of time, German Zeitlichkeit
                • nabeventcourse of time, different times
                • nabexclamatoryOh time!CH
                • nabextentextent of time, time period
                • nabpluralchanging times and conditions
                • nabsocialthe present time as represented by the contemporary political institutions; present political milieuLZ
                • nadNof the time, of the period; contemporary
                • nadSat this timeDS
                • npost-Nperiod of time; era; age; times 文公之時
                日  rì OC: mljiɡ MC: ȵit 11 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabamount of time; a space of time; the time
                • nabfigurativefree time
                • npost-Npoint in time characterised by N
                間  jiān OC: kreen MC: kɣɛn 7 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • na certain space of time 有間
                • nadVfor a moment; for a certain period of time
                • npost-Nthe period of NCH
                • vt[oN.]adSafter the passing of the space of time N
                當此之時  dāng cǐ zhī shí MC: tang tshjeX tsyi dzyi OC: taaŋ tsheʔ kljɯ ɡljɯCH 6 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPadSat that time; during these times; thenCH
                際  jì OC: skeds MC: tsiɛi 5 AttributionsWD

                Jì 際 can refer to a juncture in time.

                  Syntactic words
                • nabjuncture, point in time; period in time
                一時  yī shí OC: qliɡ ɡljɯ MC: ʔit dʑɨ 5 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPadSindefonce upon a time (don't ask me when exactly!)
                • NPadSpastBuddhist, idiomatic: at a certain time in the past ("once upon a time" would imply that fictitiousness is implied and acknowledged. Whether it is remains a subtle open isue. The fictitiousness is in any case not openly acknowledged.)
                日月  rì yuè OC: mljiɡ ŋod MC: ȵit ŋi̯ɐt 4 AttributionsWD

                An abstract general word for time as such is rì yuè日月 or nián suì 年歲.

                  Syntactic words
                • NPabtime
                • NPab{N1&N2}concepttime
                • NPadVfor a day or a month
                光陰  guāng yīn OC: kʷaaŋ qrɯm MC: kɑŋ ʔim 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPablight and shade > the flow of time > time
                年月  nián yuè OC: niin ŋod MC: nen ŋi̯ɐt 3 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabtimenumber of years and months > time
                會  huì OC: ɡloobs MC: ɦɑi 2 AttributionsWD

                  Word relations
                • Synon: 際/TIME Jì 際 can refer to a juncture in time.

                  Syntactic words
                • ntime, occasion
                • npost-Noccasions of NCH
                機  jī OC: kɯl MC: kɨi 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • ncrucial point in time
                處  chù OC: qhljas MC: tɕhi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nab.post-NTang dynasty: point in time, circumstances of time and place
                小  xiǎo OC: smewʔ MC: siɛu 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nadVfor a short while, for a little while
                歲  suì OC: sqʷads MC: siɛi 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabdimensiontime
                隙  xì OC: khaɡ MC: khɣɛk 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabtimeinterval of time
                工夫  gōng fú OC: kooŋ ba MC: kuŋ bi̯o 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nmtime
                年載  nián zǎi OC: niin skɯɯʔ MC: nen tsəi 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabtimeseveral years; cf. English "years and years"
                時時  shí shí OC: ɡljɯ ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • n.red:adVfrom time to time
                歲月  suì yuè OC: sqʷads ŋod MC: siɛi ŋi̯ɐt 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabtimeyears and months; long periods of time
                秋日  qiū rì OC: tshiw mljiɡ MC: tshɨu ȵit 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nequinox
                際會  jì huì OC: skeds ɡloobs MC: tsiɛi ɦɑi 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPtime, occasion
                少選之間  shǎo xuǎn zhī jiān MC: syewX sjwenX tsyi -- OC: hmljewʔ sqonʔ kljɯ --DS 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPadSafter a while; after some timeDS
                陰  yīn MC: 'im OC: qrɯmCH 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabtimeCH
                俯仰  fǔ yǎng MC: pjuX ngjangX OC: poʔ ŋaŋʔDS 1 AttributionWD
                  Syntactic words
                • VPadSin a short timeDS
                秋  qiū OC: tshiw MC: tshɨu 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • npost-Nright time for N; proper season for N
                中日  zhōng rì OC: krluŋ mljiɡ MC: ʈuŋ ȵit 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPadSat midday
                歲年  suì nián OC: sqʷads niin MC: siɛi nen 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabtimeperiod of several years in a row; very long time 積有歲年
                日月光景  rì yuè guāng jǐng OC: mljiɡ ŋod kʷaaŋ kraŋʔ MC: ȵit ŋi̯ɐt kɑŋ kɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • NPabmetaphysicaltime
                未  wèi OC: mɯds MC: mɨi 0 AttributionsWD
                  Syntactic words
                • nabtimeeighth double-hour into which the day was traditionally divided: 1-3 p.m.

                Existing SW for

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