SOUND    聲音聲

WHAT CAN be HEARD.
NOISENOTEDINRACKETROWHUBBUBRESONANCEREVERBERATION
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant word for any sound produced by any creature or instrument is shēng 聲 and the word can come to refer specifically to the sound produced by the human voice (see VOICE), hence the word can also refer to a song with a melody and also to the tones as making up a melody. See SONG. 2. Yīn 音 is much narrower in application, and more elevated in style, and the word typically applies to sound shaped into music or the like and often viewed as an aesthetic object. 聲成文謂之音。 "When sound makes a pattern it becomes yīn", true enough, but it does remain shēng 聲 also. 3. Xiāo 囂 and xuān 喧 refer primarily to the din of human voices, but these words do have regular extended uses where they refer to any noisy or irritating sound. 4. Xiǎng 響, which primarily means "echo", often comes to refer to any sound without any connotations concerning the irritating nature of the sound.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ART 1. 聲，單個的音或單種發聲體發出的聲音；聲音總稱。 音，由 “ 聲 ” 而變，即調和、排比五聲而成一定的旋律。 樂，各類樂器合奏而成的和諧樂聲。 響，回應之聲。
Modern Chinese Criteria
聲音 聲響 音響 響聲 聲響 聲息 響動 動靜 聲 音 響 籟 (obs) refers to natural sounds. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ONOMATOPOETICA　SOUND IMITATION. [] ??? (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • WORD　SOUND IMAGE of a CONCEPT. (Leibniz, Couturat p. 432) (anc: 11/0, child: 7)
  • VOICE　SOUND PRODUCED by HUMANS WHEN they SPEAK. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • TONE　SOUND at a DEFINED PITCH as PART of a MUSICAL SYSTEM. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • RHYME　SAME SOUNDS at the END of MANY LINES OF TEXT. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • ANIMAL SOUNDS　SOUND PRODUCED by ANIMALS. (anc: 11/0, child: 1)
  • PRONUNCIATION　SOUNDS USED WHEN SPEAKING WORDS. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
Antonym
See also
  • SONGPOEM SUNG CONFORMING to a MELODY.
  • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
  • BARKLOUD ANIMAL SOUND PRODUCED by DOGS.
Hypernym
  • HEAR　PERCEIVE SOUND. (anc: 9/0, child: 1)
  • PERCEIVE　BECOME AWARE of BECAUSE one INTERACTS WITH. (anc: 8/0, child: 7)
  • AWARE　ABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to.  (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 15.44

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 419

    532. Inter Sonum et sonitum. Sonus [ Al., sonitus] est quidquid auditur sensibile, sonitus [ Al., sonus] vero confusio [ Al., confusae] vocis tubarum.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    NOISE

    fragor is a hollow discordant crashing sound.

    strepitus refers to a loud roaring, bawling, shreaking sound.

    sonitus refers to a ringing, clinking sound, as of bells.

    crepitus refers to the frequent repetition of the same sound.

    frangere refers to the breaking to pieces of what is hard.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 18

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 58

  • Semantica del Griego Antiguo ( HERNANDEZ 2000) p. 35.n147

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 32

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 243

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.887

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 2

  • () p. 36/41/44

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 983

    聲，音

    1. WL takes she1ng 聲 to refer to the sound produced by man singing, and yi1n 音 the sound of musical instruments. But LY's famous 弦歌之聲 makes it clear that things are not this easy. And HF 鼓鐸之聲 "sound of drums and hand-bells" makes it plain that it is plain wrong. Moreoever, we have

    HF 28.02:07 不聽鐘石之聲 "he did not listen to the sound of bells and musical stone instruments".

    Thus the traditional rationalisation is highly problematic.

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.248

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. 30

    • Words (36 items)

    聲  shēng OC: qjeŋ MC: ɕiɛŋ 44 Attributions

    The dominant word for any sound produced by any creature or instrument is shēng 聲and the word can come to refer specifically to the sound produced by the human voice (see VOICE), hence the word can also refer to a song with a melody and also to the tones as making up a melody. See SONG.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 音/SOUND Yīn 音 is much narrower in application, and more elevated in style, and the word typically applies to sound shaped into music or the like and often viewed as an aesthetic object. 聲成文謂之音。"When sound makes a pattern it becomes yīn", true enough, but it does remain shēng 聲 also.
    • Assoc: 色/COLOUR The standard word for colour of any kind is sè 色.
    • Oppos: 響 / 嚮/SOUND Xiǎng 響, which primarily means "echo", often comes to refer to any sound without any connotations concerning the irritating nature of the sound.

      Syntactic words
    • nsound of a word> pronunciation
    • n(post-N)the sound/voice of the contextually determinate NLZ
    • n[post-N]N=creaturesgenerally: sound made by any creature
    • nabmetaphysicalBUDDH: world of sounds and speech
    • ncpost-V1{NUM}:postadV2classifierverbal classifier for the frequencies of utterances/sounds
    • nderived(sound>) words;
    • nnegativenoise; din
    • nnoisenoise of any kind, sound of any kind
    • npost-Nsound of NCH
    • viprocessmake noise, give off a sound
    • vt[oN]provide the sound (of a word)
    響  xiǎng OC: qhaŋʔ MC: hi̯ɐŋ
    嚮  xiǎng OC: qhaŋʔ MC: hi̯ɐŋ 24 Attributions

    Xiǎng 響, which primarily means "echo", often comes to refer to any sound without any connotations concerning the irritating nature of the sound.

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 聲/SOUND The dominant word for any sound produced by any creature or instrument is shēng 聲and the word can come to refer specifically to the sound produced by the human voice (see VOICE), hence the word can also refer to a song with a melody and also to the tones as making up a melody. See SONG.

      Syntactic words
    • necho; reverberation
    • nadVanalogylike an echo 響應
    • npositiveelevating inspiring sound (provoking resonance in one)CH
    • viresound, echo
    • viactproduce echoes
    • viactvociferate, go on and on talkingCH
    • vtoNfigurativeresound N > hear about (the reputation/fame) of N
    聲音  shēng yīn OC: qjeŋ qrɯm MC: ɕiɛŋ ʔim 17 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmusical soundCH
    • NPmusic"the sounds of music", the sound of music including instrumental and vocal sound
    • NPnaturalsound of some kind produced by natural phenomena
    • NPvoicesound of the human voice; by extension very occasionally: of ants
    音  yīn OC: qrɯm MC: ʔim 7 Attributions

    Yīn 音 is much narrower in application, and more elevated in style, and the word typically applies to sound shaped into music or the like and often viewed as an aesthetic object. 聲成文謂之音。"When sound makes a pattern it becomes yīn", true enough, but it does remain shēng 聲 also.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 聲/SOUND The dominant word for any sound produced by any creature or instrument is shēng 聲and the word can come to refer specifically to the sound produced by the human voice (see VOICE), hence the word can also refer to a song with a melody and also to the tones as making up a melody. See SONG.

      Syntactic words
    • nshaped sound, especially as part of music; sound of music, music; by extension, poetic, SHI: speech
    • nsounds produced by animals etc.CH
    • nfigurativeliterary tones, aesthetic moodCH
    鬧  nào OC: rnaaws MC: ɳɣɛu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabnoise
    • nabfigurativefull of noise > disturbance, chaotic state, trouble, vaxation, noisy activities
    • nadNfull of noise, noisy
    鳴  míng OC: mreŋ MC: mɣaŋ 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Subject: 牛/BOVINE The current general word for bovines of any kind is niú 牛.

      Syntactic words
    • vigive off a sound (as of a drum etc)
    • vtoNcausativecause to give off a sound> sound, beat (a drum of attack in war)CH
    音聲  yīn shēng OC: qrɯm qjeŋ MC: ʔim ɕiɛŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}sound of music and voice
    五聲  wǔ shēng MC: nguX syeng OC: ŋaaʔ qjeŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialall sort of tones, tones or music in generalLZ
    翽  huì OC: qhʷaads MC: hɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vimaking the sound of wings; flapping
    跫  qiāng OC: khrooŋ MC: khɣɔŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vimake a sound (of feet)
    鏗  kēng OC: khreeŋ MC: khɣɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vigive out a sound; give out a twang (both of metallic instruments like bells and of zithers; sound of clinking stones)
    吒  zhà OC: prlaaɡs MC: ʈɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVnoisily
    啾  jiū OC: tsiw MC: tsɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • visound of chirping birds; babbling of childs; resounding of bells
    • vi.redsound of chirping birds
    喓  yāo OC: qew MC: ʔiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vito chirp (sound made by locusts)
    喔  wō OC: qrooɡ MC: ʔɣɔk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vito chuckle; cry; sound of a crow
    喤  hōng MC: xwaeng OC: qhʷraaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.reddignified and harmonious (of sound)LZ
    喧  xuān OC: qhon MC: hi̯ɐn 1 Attribution

    Xiāo 囂 and xuān 喧 refer primarily to the din of human voices, but these words do have regular extended uses where they refer to any noisy or irritating sound.

      Syntactic words
    • nnoise; clamour
    • npost-NN=subjectsound made by NDS
    嘒  huì OC: qhʷeds MC: hei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactresound; chirp (insects); jingle (bells)
    囂  xiāo OC: hŋraw MC: hiɛu
    囂嚻  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 Attribution

    Xiāo 囂 and xuān 喧 refer primarily to the din of human voices, but these words do have regular extended uses where they refer to any noisy or irritating sound.

      Syntactic words
    • nnoise (typically caused by human clamour)
    • vinoisy
    彭  péng OC: braaŋ MC: bɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vionomatopoeiabang!
    忡  chōng OC: khrluŋ MC: ʈhuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redonomatopoeiatinkle
    橐  tuó OC: thaaɡ MC: thɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vionomatopoeia: sound when pounding the earth
    瑲  qiāng OC: skhaŋ MC: tshi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vitinkle (sound of bells or pendant gems)
    • vi.redtinkle (sound of bells or pendant gems)LZ
    轔  lín OC: rin MC: lin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redmake a rumbling sound
    鏘  qiāng OC: skhaŋ MC: tshi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vitinkle; clang; sing harmoniously
    雝  yōng OC: qoŋ MC: ʔi̯oŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe harmonious-sounding (bells)
    鷕  yǎo OC: lowʔ MC: jiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsound (of the female pheasant)
    法聲  fǎ shēng OC: pab qjeŋ MC: pi̯ɐp ɕiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: dharma-sound; SANSKRIT dharma-śabda
    啾唧  jiū jí OC: tsiw tsɯɡ MC: tsɨu tsɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPionomatopoeiasound of chirping birds and insects > sound of idle chatting: chirp and chatter
    唧  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • visound of chirping insects
    啍  tún OC: duun MC: duo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vionomatopoeiato groan; to creak
    噦  yuě OC: qʷad MC: ʔi̯ɐt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vitinkle (sound of bells)
    嚗  bó OC: proowɡ MC: pɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVonomatopoeiawith an angry sound
    央  yāng OC: qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vichime (sound of a bell) (SHI)
    沖  chōng OC: ɡrluŋ MC: ɖuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vitinkle
    • vi.redonomatopoeiamake sound of ice breaking
    磌  tián OC: diin MC: den 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vithe rumbling sound of falling stones