PERSONAL NAME    人名名

PROPER NAME of a HUMAN.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for a name for a person of any kind is míng 名. Míng 名 refers specifically to the name given to a person at the age of 3 months, and this name is informally chosen and often not chosen with great care. There are fixed rules for exactly when the mí2ng 名 of a person is to be used and when one must use the zì 字. (LIJI) 2. Xìng 姓 refers to the general name of the clan defined by one's male lineage. 3. Originally, it is said, there were only 25 surnames xìng 姓 established by the Son of Heaven. With time, the members of one of the original xìng 姓 gave different names shì 氏 to their sub-lineages so that shì 氏 came to refer to sub-lineages under a given xìng 姓. From late Warring States times onwards, xìng 姓 and shì 氏 came to be confused. 4. Zì 字 refers to the courtesy name given to a person at the age of 20 for boys, and 15 for girls, and the purpose of this was to give the person an appellation that would distinguish her or him from the other members of the family and give him an identity. The zì 字 or a person was therefore something that was taken great care with. 5. Hào 號 refers to an informal style or given name which is first given to a person as an adult for various social purposes. Among the typical hào 號 there came to be bié hào 別號, shǐ hào 諡號, miào hào 廟號 "temple name", post-Buddhist zūn hào 尊號, huī hào 徽號 and so on. The purpose of hào 號 was to express the way of thinking and the special character of a person.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 32. FAMILY NAME 姓，產生於母系氏族公社時期，是氏族的標識，女子稱姓，具有別婚姻的作用。 氏，產生於父系社會，是姓的分支，男子稱氏，具有辨族系、分親疏、別貴賤的作用。 族，本義家族，引申為氏，源於祖父的字，卿大夫以上才有資格領受君主的賜封。 HUMAN AFFAIRS 33. PERSONAL NAME 名，人的乳名，出生三月後由父親命名。 字，表字，貴族男子二十歲行冠禮、女子十五行笄禮時由尊輩代取，是成人步入社會的標志，供平輩或晚輩稱呼，以示尊重或避諱。 號，人的別稱，包括別號、謚號、廟號、尊號和徽號。
Modern Chinese Criteria
人名 專名 學名 俗名 譯名 品名 音名 刑名 字號 呼號 代號 廟號 姓名 尊姓大名 貴姓大名 尊姓台甫 姓 姓氏 氏 複姓 雙姓 貴姓 尊姓 高姓 名字 名諱 名 諱 大名 尊諱 台甫 (obs) 芳名 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
Hypernym
  • PROPER NAME　NAME of a DEFINED HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING. (anc: 13/0, child: 3)
  • NAME　SPEAK so as to REFER to something OR WORD USED for REFERRING to something. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • WORD　SOUND IMAGE of a CONCEPT. (Leibniz, Couturat p. 432) (anc: 11/0, child: 7)
  • Der chinesische Personenname ( BAUER 1959) p.

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 896

    PARONYME

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 355

    NOMEN, COGNOMEN, PRAENOMEN, AGNOMEN

    388. Testibus Sosipatro, Donato, Diomedo, et aliis: Nomen est, quod originem gentis declarat, ut Cornelius. [col. 50D] Praenomen, quod nomini gentilitio praeponitur, ut Publius. Cognomen, quod nominibus Gentilitiis subjungitur, ut Scipio. Agnomen, quod extrinsecus addi solet, aliqua ratione, vel eventu quaesitum, ut Africanus. Hic vero in utroque Manuscripto cognomen et agnomen sedes permutarant; reduximus tamen utrumque in suum locum, non modo iis quos dixi auctoribus, sed ipso etiam Isidoro lib. I Etymolog., cap. de Nomine.

    ]

    388. Inter Nomen, praenomen, cognomen et agnomen. Nomen [ Al., praenomen] est vocabulum propriae appellationis; praenomen, quod nominibus, ob dignitatem [ Al., dignitate] generis praeponitur; ut Publius Virgilius. Non enim possumus dicere [ Al., dicimus] Virgilius Publius. Cognomen, quod ex familia generis venit, ut puta Scipio Cornelius, a Cornelia [col. 50B] familia ortus. Agnomen, 51 quod ex virtute, vel vitio trahitur: ut Scipio Africanus, pro eo quod Africam vicerit: vel Lentulus Sura, pro eo quod majores habuerat suras. Proinde nomen a proprietate venit, praenomen a dignitate, cognomen ab origine, agnomen vero a specie vel actione.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 121

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    NOMEN

  • 中華古代文化辭典 Zhonghua gudai wenhua cidian ( QIAN YULIN 1996) p. 576-596

    Traditional Chinese keywords concerning personal names and forms of address simply explained.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1589

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.979

  • 中國文化史三百題 ( SANBAITI 1987) p. 331-348

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 5

  • 世本八種 Shiben bazhong ( SHIBEN) p.

  • Das grosse China-Lexikon ( STAIGER 2003) p. 324

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    NAME

    ORTSNAMEN

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 461

  • 周秦名字解詁匯釋 Zhou Qin mingzi jiegu huikao ( ZHOU FAGAO 1958) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 68

    • Words (9 items)

    氏  shì OC: ɡjeʔ MC: dʑiɛ 17 Attributions

    Originally, it is said, there were only 25 surnames xìng 姓 established by the Son of Heaven. With time, the members of one of the original xìng 姓 gave different names shì 氏 to their sub-lineages so that shì 氏 came to refer to sub-lineages under a given xìng 姓. From late Warring States times onwards, xìng 姓 and shì 氏 came to be confused.

      Syntactic words
    • npost=Nprfamily branch, male lineage
    • npost=NprsingularMr. Mrs.
    • vtoNuse as a family name (GONG, GU)
    字  zì OC: sɡlɯs MC: dzɨ 16 Attributions

    Zì 字 refers to the courtesy name given to a person at the age of 20 for boys, and 15 for girls, and the purpose of this was to give the person an appellation that would distinguish her or him from the other members of the family and give him an identity. The zì 字 or a person was therefore something that was taken great care with.

      Syntactic words
    • ncourtesy name
    • vtoNuse the courtesy name for
    • vtoN1.+VtoN2give an adult name; give a given name
    • vtoN1.postadN2be named
    • vtoNcopulabe called X (as a personal name), have the sobriquet X
    姓  xìng OC: seŋs MC: siɛŋ 13 Attributions

    Xìng 姓 refers to the general name of the clan defined by one's male lineage.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 百/ALL Bǎi 百 is occasionally used to refer to the whole of a well-defined group of things. >>ADNOMINAL
    • Contrast: 名/PERSONAL NAME The general word for a name for a person of any kind is míng 名. In particular, 名 refers to the name given to a person at the age of 3 months, and this name is informally chosen and often not chosen with great care. There are fixed rules for exactly when the mí2ng 名 of a person is to be used and when one must use the zì 字. (LIJI)
    • Contrast: 諱/NAME
    • Synon: 族/FAMILY Zú 族 refers to the extended lineage group including all manner of in-laws, with the outer boundaries of reference ill-defined.

      Syntactic words
    • nfamily name; distinguished family name of those who have a common male (originally possibly female) ancestor; SJ: have the surname (x)
    • vtoNcopulaSJ: have the surname (x)
    號  hào OC: ɢluus MC: ɦɑu 11 Attributions

    Hào 號 refers to an informal style or given name which is first given to a person as an adult for various social purposes. Among the typical hào 號 there came to be bié hào 別號, shǐ hào 諡號, miào hào 廟號 "temple name", post-Buddhist zūn hào 尊號, huī hào 徽號 and so on. The purpose of hào 號 was to express the way of thinking and the special character of a person.

      Syntactic words
    • nappellation, designation
    • vtoNhave the appellation N (SJ); [call somebody N; give somebody the appellation (x); refer to somebody as (x)][CA]
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2bestow the appellation N2 on the contextually defined person N2 (In the Chán Buddhist context this often refers to an appellation as master which was bestowed by the emperor)
    名  míng OC: meŋ MC: miɛŋ 5 Attributions

    The general word for a name for a person of any kind is míng 名. In particular, 名 refers to the name given to a person at the age of 3 months, and this name is informally chosen and often not chosen with great care. There are fixed rules for exactly when the mí2ng 名 of a person is to be used and when one must use the zì 字. (LIJI)

      Syntactic words
    • ngiven name; generally: any name by which a person is called
    • viactuse the personal name of someone
    • vtoNhave the given name Npr
    • vtoNcausativecause to have a name> give a name to
    焦僥  jiāo yáo MC: tsjew ngew OC: tsew ŋɡeew 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprJiao1yáo, a legendary dwarfLZ
    烏獲  wū huò MC: 'u hweak OC: qaa ɢʷreeɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprWu1huo4, a proverbial strong manLZ
    姜  jiāng OC: klaŋ MC: ki̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nprfamily name
    族  zú OC: sɡooɡ MC: dzuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nclan name