SWORD    劍

WEAPON RESEMBLING an INTENSELY BIG KNIFE.
BLADEFOILBROADSWORDépéeCUTLASSRAPIERSABERSCIMITAR
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Jiàn 劍 refers to the weapon with two edges which can be worn on a belt. Sword became common in China relatively late; although short bronze swords were widely used in northeastern China from Shang till early Chunqiu period, there are only few pieces known from the graves of the Western Zhou and Chunqiu aristocracy. In the middle and late Chunqiu period bronze swords came to be wider used particularly in the southern states of Wu, Yue, and Chu; the earliest textual evidence I have found for the word also dates from this period (MOZI and inscriptions on the swords of Wu and Yue). In Warring States times sword became usual weapon. Iron swords for the first time appeared in the late Chunqiu period and by the early Han completely replaced bronze pieces. Note that in Han times both aristocrats and officials worn swords like symbols of their status. 2. Rèn 刃 refers to the blade and generally to the weapons with a blade including sword.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 WARFARE 16. 劍, 兩面有刃，中間有脊，短柄。作戰和隨身攜帶的護身武器。 鋏，長把的劍。 鐔，狹小的劍。 鈹，劍屬，兩面有刃、扁莖尖鋒，下接長柄，戰國盛行的新兵器。
Modern Chinese Criteria
劍 寶劍 單刀 三尺 干將 莫邪 龍泉 太阿 長劍 倚天劍 鋏 very rare and limited to certain idioms. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Part of
  • BLADESHARP SIDE OR TIP FOR PIERCING OR CUTTING in a CUTTING TOOL.
See also
  • KNIFESMALL WEAPON OR TOOL, HAVING ONE EDGE, USED FOR CUTTING OR STABBING.
Hypernym
  • WEAPON　TOOL USED FOR ATTACK OR DEFENSE IN WARFARE. (anc: 6/0, child: 9)
  • TOOL　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD. (anc: 5/0, child: 53)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.27

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 416

    198. Lib. VIII Etymolog., cap. 6.

    ]

    198. Inter Ensem et gladium, Ensis est ferrum tantum, gladius vero totus. Mucro autem non tantum gladii, sed et cujuscunque teli acumen est. Item gladium generaliter dicimus, ensem in praelio, mucronem in opere.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SWORD

    gladius is the ordinary current word for a sword.

    ensis is a poetic word for a sword.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 800

    Schwert:

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    GLADIUM

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 160

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.640

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.388

    • Words (12 items)

    劍  jiàn OC: kloms MC: ki̯ɐm 31 Attributions

    Jiàn 劍refers to the weapon with two edges which can be worn on a belt. Sword became common in China relatively late; although short bronze swords were widely used in northeastern China from Shang till early Chunqiu period, there are only few pieces known from the graves of the Western Zhou and Chunqiu aristocracy. In the middle and late Chunqiu period bronze swords came to be wider used particularly in the southern states of Wu, Yue, and Chu; the earliest textual evidence I have found for the word also dates from this period (MOZI and inscriptions on the swords of Wu and Yue). In Warring States times sword became usual weapon. Iron swords for the first time appeared in the late Chunqiu period and by the early Han completely replaced bronze pieces. Note that in Han times both aristocrats and officials worn swords like symbols of their status.

      Word relations
    • Object: 帶/CARRY Dài 帶 is specifically to carry things along on one's belt, but the word is used more generally for "take along" also in ancient texts.
    • Epithet: 利/SHARP The most general current word for sharpness both of a point and of a blade is lì 利.
    • Epithet: 私/PRIVATE The dominant current word for privacy is sī 私 (ant. gōng 公 "public"), and the word designates everything that falls outside the responsibility of public administration. Contrast SELFISH.
    • Assoc: 戟/LANCE
    • Assoc: 戈/LANCE
    • Assoc: 弓/BOW The current general word for the bow is gōng 弓, and it must be remembered that in early times the bow was used not only to shoot arrows but also mud pellets and the like.

    • 甲骨金文字典 Jiagu jin wen zidian ( JGJWZD 1993) p. 330

    • () p. 132 - 134 {tab. 34}

      Syntactic words
    • nsword
    • nabactswordsmanship
    • n{PRED}be the swordCH
    刃  rèn OC: njins MC: ȵin 9 Attributions

    Rèn 刃 refers to the blade and generally to the weapons with a blade including sword.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 兵/WEAPON Bīng 兵 refers to warfare as a military practice rather than as a political means to achieve ends, and it is significant that the word has no obvious antonym.

      Syntactic words
    • nblade, edge; by synecdoche: sword
    • nadVinstrumentwith a sword; by a sword
    鋏  jiá OC: keeb MC: kep 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsword
    • nvocativesword
    劍鋏  jiàn jiá OC: kloms keeb MC: ki̯ɐm kep 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsword (singular!!! why this binome?)
    鏌干  mò gān MC: mak kan OC: -- kaan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPderived, nonreferential, pluralprecious swords (Moye and Ganjiang not concretely intended)CH
    屬鏤  zhǔ lǘ MC: tsyowk lju OC: tjoɡ ɡ-ro 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprname of a swordCH
    服劍  fú jiàn OC: bɯɡ kloms MC: buk ki̯ɐm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPceremonial sword
    利  lì OC: rids MC: li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsword ("sharp" is an empty epithet)
    長劍  cháng jiàn OC: ɡrlaŋ kloms MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ ki̯ɐm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsword
    鏌鎁  mò yé MC: mak yae OC: -- k-la 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprlegendary swordCH
    鉤  gōu OC: koo MC: ku 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nshort sword; scimitar
    刀  dāo OC: k-laaw MC: tɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nweapon with an edge of any kind> sword