FATE    命運命

SUPERNATURAL FORCE which FIXES CONTINGENT EVENTS.
FORTUNEDESTINYDESTINYPROVIDENCETHE STARSCHANCELUCKSERENDIPITYFORTUNEKISMETKARMA
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word referring to what is fated, determined or decreed by Heaven, and thus invested with unquestionable moral or metaphysical authority is mìng 命, sometimes expanded to tiān mìng 天命. 2. Shù 數 construes fate as something which can be ascertained by the relevant specialists of prognostication.
Modern Chinese Criteria
命運 is the current general word for fate. 天命 is a popular but literary word for fate as ordained by Heaven. 命 is a current literary word for fate in general. 天意 refers to fate as intended by Heaven. 氣運 refers to fate as the fortuious result of natural processes. 氣數 refers to destiny as determined naturally in all detail. 運氣 refers to fate as fortuitous (good or bad) luck. 運道 focusses on fate as fortuitous good or bad fortune guided by the Way. 天時 refers to fate as determined in its details of timing by Heaven. 天機 focusses on the mysterious heavenly mechanisms which produce fate. 造化 refers to fate as the result of complex and inscrutable natural developments. 大命 refers to fate as an overwhelming force. 定命 focusses on the deterministic feature of fate. 天數 refers to one's destiny as determined in its details by Heaven. 定數 focusses on the predictably deterministic feature of one's destiny.??? 命數 refers to one's destiny as ordained. 大數 refers to one's destiny as overwhelming metaphysical force. 世運 refers to fate as fortuitously changeable. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • PROVIDENCE　FATE OR DEITY WHICH CONSCIOUSLY CAUSES EVENTS TO HAPPEN. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • FORCE　TENDENCY TO MOVE OR CHANGE something. (anc: 5/0, child: 4)
  • TENDENCY　FEATURE CAUSING a HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING to ACT in a DEFINED way IN-SO-FAR-AS it is NOT PREVENTED by MORE STRONG CAUSES than this FEATURE. (anc: 4/0, child: 6)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.17

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1117

    SCHICKSAL

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 530

    FATUM providentiae divinae immutabilis Ordo, res occultis viis ad suas metas ducens.

    Conc. 1. Res. 2. Metae rerum. 3. Occulta divina vis, res ad metam dirigens.

    Detailed discussion.

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 136

    FATUM, FORTUNA

    Fatum autem et fortunam pagani ita separabant: quod enim fortuitu venig nulla palam causa, fortunam vocabant; fatum vero quod adpositum singulis et statutum erat...

    219. Inter Fatum et fortunam pagani ita separabant: quod enim fortuitu venit, nulla palam causa, fortunam vocabant, fatum vero quidquid appositum singulis, et statutum erat, ut puta, fati esse dicebant quod nascimur, quod occidimus; fortunae quidquid in vita varietatis accidit [ Al., occiderit].

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    FORTUNE

    fors refers to blind and meaningless arbitrary fortune.

    fortuna refers to arbitrary purposeful fortune as interfering in human affairs.

    fatum refers to meaningful, purposeful, structured and in principle often even predictable fate, typically as enacted by the gods.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    FATUM

    NECESSITAS

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 857

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.2343

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 8.1275

    SCHICKSAL

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    MANDAT

  • Semantics, Culture, and Cognition. Universal Human |Concepts in Culture-Specific Configurations ( WIERZBICKA 1992) p. 65-118

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 125

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.80.57

    HASARD.FORTUNE.SORT.DESTIN

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.251

    • Words (10 items)

    命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 57 Attributions

    The current word referring to what is fated, determined or decreed by Heaven, and thus invested with unquestionable moral or metaphysical authority is mìng 命, sometimes expanded to tiān mìng 天命.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 正/CORRECT The standard word for conformity with an established standard of behavioural or physical allignment zhèng 正(ant. xié 邪).
    • Contrast: 性/BASIC NATURE The current and quite dominant word for the stable inherent and prototypically innate features of something is xìng 性 (ant. wéi 為 "what belongs to human action", and wěi 偽"artificial").
    • Contrast: 道/METHOD Dào 道 is a way of being, of functioning, as well as a way of doing things, and this Way may be either exoteric or esoteric.
    • Oppos: 道/METHOD Dào 道 is a way of being, of functioning, as well as a way of doing things, and this Way may be either exoteric or esoteric.

      Syntactic words
    • nab(post-N)metaphysicalfate, destiny of the contextually determinate N
    • nab[.post-N]specificspecific: Mandate of Heaven
    • nabconceptconcept of fate
    • nabmetaphysical=天命(Heaven-determined) fate; the principles of fate
    • nab{PRED}be due to fateCH
    • vt+V[0]be fated to V; have the destiny to come to V
    • vtoNpassivebe fated, be ordained by fate, be a matter of fate
    天命  tiān mìng OC: lʰiin mɢreŋs MC: then mɣaŋ 21 Attributions

    The current word referring to what is fated, determined or decreed by Heaven, and thus invested with unquestionable moral or metaphysical authority is mìng 命, sometimes expanded to tiān mìng 天命.

      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adVby the fate of Heaven
    • NPab{N1adN2}metaphysicalcommands of Heaven; fate
    • NPab{N1adN2}personifiedFate (as a personified or quasi-personified agent)
    • NPab{N1adN2}systemthe system of what is ordained by Heaven as the natural course of events
    分  fèn OC: bɯns MC: bi̯un 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.adNmetaphysicalallotted by fate
    • nabmetaphysicallot, fated role
    緣  yuán MC: ywen OC: k-lon 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalpredestined fortunate outcome; predestined life; predestined experience;
    天數  tiān shù OC: lʰiin sqros MC: then ʂi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1adN2}metaphysicalfated numbers ordained by Heaven
    天主預圖  tiān zhǔ yù tú OC: lʰiin tjoʔ las daa MC: then tɕi̯o ji̯ɤ duo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmetaphysicaldivine providence
    預圖  yù tú OC: las daa MC: ji̯ɤ duo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmetaphysicalChristian Chinese: ahead-planning> Providence
    因  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalconcrete destiny; destined fate (see 因緣）
    數  shù OC: sqros MC: ʂi̯o 0 Attributions

    Shù 數 construes fate as something which can be ascertained by the relevant specialists of prognostication.

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalordained fate
    時  shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalfate; one's lot