NOW    現在今

MOMENT BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE.
AT THE MOMENTAT PRESENTAT THE PRESENT (TIME/MOMENT)AT THIS MOMENT IN TIMECURRENTLYPRESENTLYIMMEDIATELY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for the present is jīn 今. 2. Fāng 方 refers to the immediate present time indicated within a given sentence. 3. Shì 世 is currently used to refer to one's contemporary generation, the present world one lives in.
Modern Chinese Criteria
現在 現時 如今 當今 現今 目今 而今 於今 只今 今朝 今 茲 本 現 現下 今天 今日 目前 眼前 當前 眼下 眼底下 目下 當下 刻下 腳下 時下 即 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING
Hyponym
  • ALREADY　NOW AND NOT ONLY LATER IN-RELATION-TO.  (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
See also
  • IMMEDIATELYAFTER an INTENSELY SHORT PERIOD, LACKING DELAY.
Hypernym
  • MOMENT　POINT of TIME OR INTENSELY SHORT TIME. (anc: 4/0, child: 4)
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1009

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.18

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p. 111

    IMMEDIATELY

    statim refers to something occurring in the immediate future.

    protinus refers to an action performed without intervening other irrelant actions.

    actutum refers to doing something without making someone wait for the action.

    confestim refers to an action performed without undue delay and in a great hurry.

    continuo refers to an action being performed typically immediate after a request for it to be performed, without delay.

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 336

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 425

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.109

    • Words (40 items)

    今  jīn OC: krɯm MC: kim 138 Attributions

    The current word for the present is jīn 今. Note 趙歧on Mencius: 孟子傷今時之君 "of his time, contemporary".

      Word relations
    • Ant: /
    • Ant: 始/PAST
    • Epithet: 日/DAY The general term for the day as the time of human activity is 日(ant. 夜"nighttime, when there is no activity", and perhaps sometimes xì 夕"the time of day when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has gone down but one has not yet gone to bed"). It was unclear in ancient times exactly when during the night one day ends and the next begins.
    • Assoc: 當/BE IN

      Syntactic words
    • n[adN]those who live at the present
    • nabthe present, the present time; the present age
    • nabstatethe present state
    • nadNpresent, contemporary; in the present sequence of days/months
    • nadSNow in the present case; now, in this instanceCH
    • nadSnarrativethese days, nowadays 今也; now
    • nadV.postN{SUBJ}now
    • nadVfigurativehereby
    • nadVtimeas for the present> at present, now [NB: preverbal 今 may often have to be read as preceding a "minor sentence" with omitted subject.]
    • nadVtime"now" situated in the past, "now" from the perspective of the narrative, not the speakerLZ
    今時  jīn shí OC: krɯm ɡljɯ MC: kim dʑɨ 18 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPadNof nowadays
    • NPadStimepresent time> at present time; now
    如今  rú jīn OC: nja krɯm MC: ȵi̯ɤ kim 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabnow, the present time
    • NPadNof today; today's
    • VPadSas of now> now
    方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 12 Attributions

    Fāng 方refers to the immediate present time indicated within a given sentence.

      Syntactic words
    • padSfor the time being; at the present time
    • padS1.adS2S1=subjectlessat the moment of V then S; no sooner Ved than S, just when V then S (sometimes coordinated with 便)
    • padVwithout delay, right now, just now; at this point; at one point; for the time being
    • ppostN.+Vjust now; at this point of time
    今者  jīn zhě OC: krɯm kljaʔ MC: kim tɕɣɛ 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNof the present time 今者之世CH
    • NPadSat present
    • NPadSgiven pastat the given past point; in his timesCH
    目前  mù qián OC: muɡ dzeen MC: muk dzen 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: ?? in front of the eyes > here and now
    • NPadNBUDDH: ?? of/in front of the eyes > the N here and now (the N within the field of perception at any given moment)
    • NPadVBUDDH: ?? in front of the eyes > here and now (> at any given moment)
    適來  shì lái OC: qljeɡ m-rɯɯ MC: ɕiɛk ləi 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVright now; in this very moment; a moment ago
    世  shì OC: lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi 7 Attributions

    Shì 世 is currently used to refer to one's contemporary generation, the present world one lives in.

      Syntactic words
    • nadNof the present generation; present, contemporary 世之學者
    現  xiàn OC: ɡeens MC: ɦen 7 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 後/FUTURE Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNBUDDH: of the present world, in the present world; present before one's eyes
    • vadVunder one's eyes, presently 目前
    近  jìn OC: ɡɯnʔ MC: gɨn 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtimethe present time
    • vadNrecent; present
    • vadVin recent times, recently
    乃今  nǎi jīn OC: nɯɯʔ krɯm MC: nəi kim 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSfirst now, only now; only these days, only today
    • PPadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}emphatic: now
    今世  jīn shì OC: krɯm lʰebs MC: kim ɕiɛi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNof the present age
    • NPadSnowadaysCH
    當  dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNcontemporary, present, of one's own time 當世
    • vtoN.adVwhen in the presence of, when facing
    當今  dāng jīn OC: taaŋ krɯm MC: tɑŋ kim 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNof the present time
    • VPadSat the present time
    於是乎  yú shì hū OC: qa ɡljeʔ ɢaa MC: ʔi̯ɤ dʑiɛ ɦuo̝ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVhere and now
    此時  cǐ shí OC: tsheʔ ɡljɯ MC: tshiɛ dʑɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSat present time; at this time
    當世  dāng shì OC: taaŋ lʰebs MC: tɑŋ ɕiɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNpresent; of one's own time
    現今  xiàn jīn OC: ɡeens krɯm MC: ɦen kim
    見今  xiàn jīn OC: ɡeens krɯm MC: ɦen kim 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVnow; right now
    方今  fāng jīn MC: pjang kim OC: paŋ krɯm 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSnowadays; at this very timeDS
    是  shì OC: ɡljeʔ MC: dʑiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nprotimethis point of time　See 於是　於是乎
    即今  jí jīn OC: tsɯɡ krɯm MC: tsɨk kim 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVright now, in this moment
    即時  jí shí OC: tsɯɡ ɡljɯ MC: tsɨk dʑɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVthis very minute
    今茲  jīn zī OC: krɯm sɯ MC: kim tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSthis year, in the course of the present year
    適  shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVjust now
    於今  yú jīn OC: qa krɯm MC: ʔi̯ɤ kim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNP{PRED}BY now
    • VPadN{PRED}at this point of timeCH
    今而後  jīn ér hòu OC: krɯm njɯ ɡooʔ MC: kim ȵɨ ɦu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVonly now
    方方  fāng fāng OC: paŋ paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ pi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • p1adV1+.p1adV2discontinuousat one point to V1 and at another point to V2
    今也  jīn yě OC: krɯm lalʔ MC: kim jɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSnow
    現世  xiàn shì OC: ɡeens lʰebs MC: ɦen ɕiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin the present world
    現在  xiàn zài OC: ɡeens sɡɯɯʔ MC: ɦen dzəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsubject=timethe present
    • VPadNpresent
    • VPibe visible in the present
    近者  jìn zhě MC: gj+nX tsyaeX OC: ɡɯns kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSin recent timesCH
    此  cǐ OC: tsheʔ MC: tshiɛ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 來/FUTURE The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past").

      Syntactic words
    • nabtimethe present time
    • npro.adNpresentCH
    祇今  qí jīn OC: ɡe krɯm MC: giɛ kim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVnow, right now
    而今而後  ér jīn ér hòu OC: njɯ krɯm njɯ ɡooʔ MC: ȵɨ kim ȵɨ ɦu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVnow and only now also in LY.
    方方  fāng fāng OC: paŋ paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ pi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    于今  yú jīn OC: ɢʷra krɯm MC: ɦi̯o kim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSat the present time
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSin recent timesCH
    本  běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadNpresent 本朝 “the present dynasty"
    欲  yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVjust now; just
    玆  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    zī

      Syntactic words
    • npro.adNthis present N
    • npro.adSarchaic, SHU, Pangeng: at present