NOW  現在今

MOMENT BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE.
AT THE MOMENTAT PRESENTAT THE PRESENT (TIME/MOMENT)AT THIS MOMENT IN TIMECURRENTLYPRESENTLYIMMEDIATELY
Hypernym
  • MOMENTPOINT of TIME OR INTENSELY SHORT TIME.
    • TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
      • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
See also
  • IMMEDIATELYAFTER an INTENSELY SHORT PERIOD, LACKING DELAY.
    Hyponym
    • ALREADY　NOW AND NOT ONLY LATER IN-RELATION-TO. 
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current word for the present is jīn 今.

      2. Fāng 方 refers to the immediate present time indicated within a given sentence.

      3. Shì 世 is currently used to refer to one's contemporary generation, the present world one lives in.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      現在

      現時

      如今

      當今

      現今

      目今

      而今

      於今

      只今

      今朝

      今

      茲

      本

      現

      現下

      今天

      今日

      目前

      眼前

      當前

      眼下

      眼底下

      目下

      當下

      刻下

      腳下

      時下

      即

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING

      • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1009

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.18

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p. 111

        IMMEDIATELY

        statim refers to something occurring in the immediate future.

        protinus refers to an action performed without intervening other irrelant actions.

        actutum refers to doing something without making someone wait for the action.

        confestim refers to an action performed without undue delay and in a great hurry.

        continuo refers to an action being performed typically immediate after a request for it to be performed, without delay.

      • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 336

      • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 425

      • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.109

      Words

      今  jīn OC: krɯm MC: kim 136 AttributionsWD

      The current word for the present is jīn 今. Note 趙歧on Mencius: 孟子傷今時之君 "of his time, contemporary".

        Word relations
      • Ant: /
      • Ant: 始/PAST
      • Epithet: 日/DAY The general term for the day as the time of human activity is 日(ant. 夜"nighttime, when there is no activity", and perhaps sometimes xì 夕"the time of day when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has gone down but one has not yet gone to bed"). It was unclear in ancient times exactly when during the night one day ends and the next begins.
      • Assoc: 當/BE IN

        Syntactic words
      • n[adN]those who live at the present
      • nabthe present, the present time; the present age
      • nabstatethe present state
      • nadNpresent, contemporary; in the present sequence of days/months
      • nadSNow in the present caseCH
      • nadSnarrativethese days, nowadays 今也; now
      • nadV.postN{SUBJ}now
      • nadVfigurativehereby
      • nadVtimeas for the present> at present, now [NB: preverbal 今 may often have to be read as preceding a "minor sentence" with omitted subject.]
      • nadVtime"now" situated in the past, "now" from the perspective of the narrative, not the speakerLZ
      今時  jīn shí OC: krɯm ɡljɯ MC: kim dʑɨ 18 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • NPadNof nowadays
      • NPadStimepresent time> at present time; now
      方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 12 AttributionsWD

      Fāng 方refers to the immediate present time indicated within a given sentence.

        Syntactic words
      • padSfor the time being; at the present time
      • padS1.adS2S1=subjectlessat the moment of V then S; no sooner Ved than S, just when V then S (sometimes coordinated with 便)
      • padVwithout delay, right now, just now; at this point; at one point; for the time being
      • ppostN.+Vjust now; at this point of time
      如今  rú jīn OC: nja krɯm MC: ȵi̯ɤ kim 12 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabnow, the present time
      • NPadNof today; today's
      • VPadSas of now> now
      今者  jīn zhě OC: krɯm kljaʔ MC: kim tɕɣɛ 11 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNof the present time 今者之世CH
      • NPadSat present
      • NPadSgiven pastat the given past point; in his timesCH
      目前  mù qián OC: muɡ dzeen MC: muk dzen 10 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPBUDDH: ?? in front of the eyes > here and now
      • NPadNBUDDH: ?? of/in front of the eyes > the N here and now (the N within the field of perception at any given moment)
      • NPadVBUDDH: ?? in front of the eyes > here and now (> at any given moment)
      適來  shì lái OC: qljeɡ m-rɯɯ MC: ɕiɛk ləi 8 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadVright now; in this very moment; a moment ago
      世  shì OC: lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi 7 AttributionsWD

      Shì 世 is currently used to refer to one's contemporary generation, the present world one lives in.

        Syntactic words
      • nadNof the present generation; present, contemporary 世之學者
      現  xiàn OC: ɡeens MC: ɦen 7 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Ant: 後/FUTURE Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future.

        Syntactic words
      • vadNBUDDH: of the present world, in the present world; present before one's eyes
      • vadVunder one's eyes, presently 目前
      近  jìn OC: ɡɯnʔ MC: gɨn 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabtimethe present time
      • vadNrecent; present
      • vadVin recent times, recently
      乃今  nǎi jīn OC: nɯɯʔ krɯm MC: nəi kim 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSfirst now, only now; only these days, only today
      • PPadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}emphatic: now
      當  dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadNcontemporary, present, of one's own time 當世
      • vtoN.adVwhen in the presence of, when facing
      今世  jīn shì OC: krɯm lʰebs MC: kim ɕiɛi 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNof the present age
      • NPadSnowadaysCH
      此時  cǐ shí OC: tsheʔ ɡljɯ MC: tshiɛ dʑɨ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSat present time; at this time
      當今  dāng jīn OC: taaŋ krɯm MC: tɑŋ kim 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNof the present time
      • VPadSat the present time
      於是乎  yú shì hū OC: qa ɡljeʔ ɢaa MC: ʔi̯ɤ dʑiɛ ɦuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadVhere and now
      現今  xiàn jīn OC: ɡeens krɯm MC: ɦen kim
      見今  xiàn jīn OC: ɡeens krɯm MC: ɦen kim 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadVnow; right now
      當世  dāng shì OC: taaŋ lʰebs MC: tɑŋ ɕiɛi 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNpresent; of one's own time
      是  shì OC: ɡljeʔ MC: dʑiɛ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nprotimethis point of time　See 於是　於是乎
      即今  jí jīn OC: tsɯɡ krɯm MC: tsɨk kim 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadVright now, in this moment
      方今  fāng jīn MC: pjang kim OC: paŋ krɯmDS 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSnowadays; at this very timeDS
      此  cǐ OC: tsheʔ MC: tshiɛ 1 AttributionWD

        Word relations
      • Oppos: 來/FUTURE The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past").

        Syntactic words
      • nabtimethe present time
      • npro.adNpresentCH
      適  shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadVjust now
      今也  jīn yě OC: krɯm lalʔ MC: kim jɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSnow
      今茲  jīn zī OC: krɯm sɯ MC: kim tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSthis year, in the course of the present year
      即時  jí shí OC: tsɯɡ ɡljɯ MC: tsɨk dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadVthis very minute
      於今  yú jīn OC: qa krɯm MC: ʔi̯ɤ kim 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNP{PRED}BY now
      • VPadN{PRED}at this point of timeCH
      現世  xiàn shì OC: ɡeens lʰebs MC: ɦen ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadVin the present world
      現在  xiàn zài OC: ɡeens sɡɯɯʔ MC: ɦen dzəi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabsubject=timethe present
      • VPadNpresent
      • VPibe visible in the present
      祇今  qí jīn OC: ɡe krɯm MC: giɛ kim 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadVnow, right now
      今而後  jīn ér hòu OC: krɯm njɯ ɡooʔ MC: kim ȵɨ ɦu 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadVonly now
      方方  fāng fāng OC: paŋ paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ pi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • p1adV1+.p1adV2discontinuousat one point to V1 and at another point to V2
      近者  jìn zhě MC: gj+nX tsyaeX OC: ɡɯns kljaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSin recent timesCH
      玆  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD

      zī

        Syntactic words
      • npro.adNthis present N
      • npro.adSarchaic, SHU, Pangeng: at present
      于今  yú jīn OC: ɢʷra krɯm MC: ɦi̯o kim 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadSat the present time
      方方  fāng fāng OC: paŋ paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ pi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      而今而後  ér jīn ér hòu OC: njɯ krɯm njɯ ɡooʔ MC: ȵɨ kim ȵɨ ɦu 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • PPadVnow and only now also in LY.
      欲  yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadVjust now; just
      本  běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nadNpresent 本朝 “the present dynasty"
        Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadSin recent timesCH

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