ENTER 進入入／內
MOVE so as to BEGIN to BE-IN.
GO IN/INTOCOME IN/INTOGET IN/INTOSET FOOT INCROSS THE THRESHOLD OFGAIN ACCESS TOINFILTRATEACCESS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard dominant word is rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "go out") which refers to any kind of concrete or abstract entering of a thing into another.
2. Nà 納 / 內 is causative and refers to letting enter or causing to enter.
3. Zhù 注 refers to causing liquids to enter a a container. [See also POUR]
4. Guàn 灌 refers to causing water to enter a location (prototypically for irrigation). [See POUR.]
NB: Jìn 進 "to enter" occurs only from JIN DYNASTY times onwards, as far as I have been able to see.
Modern Chinese Criteria
進
進入
進來
進去
參加
上
登
入
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
ENTER
intrare refers to concrete entering into a marked physical space, and it tends to function as a transitive verb.
introire "step into a marked space" is intansitive, but takes preposition-phrase objects.
ingredi refers to any entering into a marked or unmarked space.
inire refers almost invariably to a rigurative entering into an activity.
1. The point about ji4n 進 never meaning "to enter into" in any pre-Buddhist source is certainly right, but of course this point does not establish any synonymy relation for classical Chinese in pre-Buddhist times. The words have nothing to do with each other in our period.
Words (17 items)
入 rù OC: njub MC: ȵip 118 Attributions
The standard dominant word is rù 入(ant. chū 出 "go out") which refers to any kind of concrete or abstract entering of a thing into another. (CHECK!!)
- Word relations
- Ant: 拒/REFUSE
Jù 拒 (ant. chéng 承 "accept (a task)") refers to emphatic refusal, a decision to have nothing to do with something. - Object: 境/BORDER AREA
Jìng 境, when referring to an area, describes a smaller area immediately surrounding the borderline. - Contrast: 居/DWELL
The current general words for dwelling in a place for some considerable time are jū 居 and chǔ 處 (all ant. xíng 行 "travel").
- Syntactic words
- vadNOBI: going in> settling (as of sun)
- vt(oN)enter the contextually determinate place (typically the capital) [Note that it seems the omission of the resumptive pronominal object is idiomatic. But it is not obligatory as the fair number of 入之 shows.]
- vt(oN.)-Vgo in to V
- vt+prep+Nenter (as ruler); enter as a visitor; enter into (so as to take control of or so as to get stuck in, or so as to find refuge in); enter through
- vt+prep+Nfigurativeenter or join an abstract body/state or association
- vt0oN.postadVtdirectionverbal complement: V into N
- vt[oN]enter a place, enter any placeCH
- vtoNof persons: go in, enter; join; enter through; of things: enter (also: 入山) [SEPARATE OFF THE FIGURATIVE USAGES AMONG THE EXAMPLES. CH]
- vtoN.-V[0]enter N in order to V
- vtoNcausativecause to enter> bring into, take intoCH
- vtoNconativetry to enterCH
- vtoNfigurativeenter or join an abstract body/state or association
- vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
- vtoNobject=openingenter through 入門
- vtoNpassivebe impossible to enterCH
- vtoNprocess(of things) to enter (other things N)CH
- vtoNtravelgo to so as to enter
- vtt(oN1.)+N2cause someone or something contextually determinate N1 to enter (a place N2)
- vttoN.+V[0]to enter (a contextually defined place) in order to do something
- vttoN1.+N2causativecause (someone N1) to enter (a place N2)
納 nà OC: nuub MC: nəp
內 nèi OC: nuubs MC: nuo̝i 16 Attributions
Nà 納/內 is causative and refers to letting enter or causing to enter.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativebe caused/allowed to enter
- vtoNpermissiveread nà: allow to enter, let in
- vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2causativecause to enter into> conduct into;
- vttoN1.+N2causativecause N1 to enter into N2 > conduct N1 into N2TW
赴 fù OC: phoɡs MC: phi̯o 11 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNdive into, throw oneself into; sink into
容 róng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Npassivebe accommodated in; find space enough in
- vtoNhave enough space to enter
- vttoN1.+prep+N2have enough space to accommodate N1 in N2 不容身於天下
涉 shè OC: djeb MC: dʑiɛp 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNget into (e.g. rats getting into rice)
- vtoNfigurativeget involved in, involve oneself in, enter as a participant inCH
深 shēn MC: syim OC: qhljum
深 shēn MC: syim OC: qhljum 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)enter deep into the contextually determinate place
- vtoNenter deep (into territory)
- vtoNcausativecause (someone) to enter deep into a territory
襲 xí OC: zɯb MC: zip 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNenter in an invasive way
進 jìn OC: tsins MC: tsin 1 Attribution
NB: Jìn 進 "to enter" occurs only from JIN DYNASTY times onwards, as far as I have been able to see.
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)enter the contextually determinate place
- vtoNpost-Han???: enter
鑠 shuò MC: syak OC: qhljawɡ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNseep intoCH
鑽 zuàn OC: tsoons MC: tsʷɑn
鑽 zuān OC: tsoon MC: tsʷɑn 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vtoNburrow one's way into, drill one's way into
入內 rù nèi OC: njub nuubs MC: ȵip nuo̝i 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiactgo inside
上堂 shàng táng OC: ɡljaŋʔ daaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ dɑŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiactenter the hall; specifically: enter the Buddhist Lecture hall (DCD 1.285)
得 dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
括 kuò MC: kwat OC: kood 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNenterCH
注 zhù OC: tjos MC: tɕi̯o 0 Attributions
Zhù 注 refers to causing liquids to enter a a container. [See also POUR]
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpour liquid into
灌 guàn OC: koons MC: kʷɑn 0 Attributions
Guàn 灌 refers to causing water to enter a location (prototypically for irrigation). [See POUR.]
- Syntactic words
- vtoNenter (typically water) into a container, pour into
穿 chuān OC: khjon MC: tɕhiɛn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words