CREATURE  生物

LIVING THING.
BEAST
Hypernym
See also
  • BEASTBIG WILD VERTEBRATE.
    • ANIMALCREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE.
      Hyponym
      • DEITY　SUPERNATURAL CREATURE.
        • MYTHICAL ANIMALS　FICTION ANIMAL OR DEITY in the SHAPE of an ANIMAL....
        • DEITIES　DEITIES.For an extensive list of designations for deified persons, gods and spirits see R. Matthieu 1983, vol. 2, pp. 1051 - 1071....
        • ANGEL　SMALL DEITY that HAS WINGS. 
        • DEVIL　WICKED DEITY.
        • GOD　MOST IMPORTANT DEITY.
        • BODHISATTVAS　
        • EROS　DEITY OF LOVE
        • FAIRY　FEMALE KIND DEITY IN FICTION.
      • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE.
        • AQUATIC ANIMALS　ANIMALS that LIVE IN WATER....
        • MYTHICAL ANIMALS　FICTION ANIMAL OR DEITY in the SHAPE of an ANIMAL....
        • FEMALE　GENDER OF AN ANIMAL OR ANIMAL TYPICALLY ABLE to BIRTH:bear CHILDREN....
        • INSECT　SMALL ANIMAL LACKING SPINE, TYPICALLY WITH MANY LEGS AND WINGS. []...
        • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS....
        • RODENTS　KIND of ANIMAL [Rodentia]???
        • SNAIL　SMALL SOFT ANIMAL, RESEMBLING a WORM, DWELLING IN AND ENDURINGLY CARRYING a HARD SHELL.
        • DOMESTIC ANIMAL　ANIMAL REARED IN OR NEAR HOMES....
        • YOUNG ANIMAL　YOUNG ANIMAL.THIS WHOLE SERIES OF YOUNG ANIMALS HAS TO BE CLEANED UP.
        • BIRD　ANIMAL that HAS TWO LEGS AND WINGS....
        • VERTEBRATE　ANIMAL which HAS a SPINE BONE....
        • WORM　ANIMAL WITH SOFT SKIN, LACKING LEGS. [BIOLOGY]
      • PLANT　CREATURE that CAN NOT VOLUTARILY MOVE.
        • CREEPER　PLANT that ASCENDS A SUPPORTING SURFACE.DELETE??
        • FLOWER　SMALL PLANT which HAS BLOSSOMS as the MOST IMPORTANT PART....
        • GRASS　SMALL PLANT CONSISTING ONLY of ROOTS AND LEAVES, AND EATEN by SHEEP AND BOVINES....
        • SEAWEED　GRASSY WATER PLANT that can be EATEN.
        • TREE　INTENSELY LARGE COMMON PLANT [BIOLOGY]....
        • VEGETABLES　PLANTS THE LEAVES of which are USED FOR FOOD....
        • PLANTS　KIND of PLANT....
        • CLOTH MATERIALS　PLANTS USED FOR PRODUCING CLOTH.
        • MUSHROOM　
        • VINE　PLANT USED FOR PRODUCING WINE.
        • MOSS　PLANT WITH SHORT LEAVES THAT GROWS ON ROCKS AND TREES.????
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The general term for any living creature of any kind is wù 物.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      生物

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      Words

      眾生  zhòng shēng OC: tjuŋs sraaŋ MC: tɕuŋ ʂɣaŋ 27 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • NPthe multitude of living creatures; BUDDH: the multitude of sentient beings (this is the Buddhist standard term for animate beings; usually referring to human beings but basically also including animals and sometimes even vegetation); skr. sattva
      • NPcsentient being
      • NPindefiniteany sentient living creature; a sentient creature
      • NPpluralBUDDH: the multitude of sentient beings (contextually identifyable and specified) (this is the Buddhist standard term for animate beings; usually referring to human beings but basically also including animals and sometimes even vegetation); skr. sattva
      • NPreferentialBUDDH: sentient being (this is an extraordinary case where 眾生 is used referential and in the singular!); skr. sattva
      • NPsingulara sentient being; any sentient being; just an ordinary sentient being
      物  wù OC: mɯd MC: mi̯ut 21 AttributionsWD

      The general term for any living creature of any kind is wù 物.

        Syntactic words
      • n(kind of) living creature 百物; 天物 "the creatures of this world that are from Heaven"
      有情  yǒu qíng OC: ɢʷɯʔ dzeŋ MC: ɦɨu dziɛŋ 8 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • NP[adN]BUDDH: endowed with sensation > sentient being (as opposed to 無情 inanimate things) (this term for sattva was introduced by Xuánzàng 玄奘 (600-664), although the older term zhòngshēng 眾生 remained more popular; originally both terms were a translation of the same Sanskrit word but eventually yǒuqíng came to be used paricularily for creatures with mental activities, whereas zhòngshēng can be used more generally for 'living being', including plant life; the term yǒuqíng is also less neutral, since it gives also emphasis to the notion of qíng 情, i.e. that living beings (particularily human beings) are characterized by deluded mental activities); SANSKRIT sattva
      • VPiBUDDH: be endowed with sensation > be a sentient being (as opposed to 無情 be inanimate) (this term for sattva was introduced by Xuánzàng 玄奘 (600-664), although the older term zhòngshēng 眾生 remained more popular; originally both terms were a translation of the same Sanskrit word but eventually yǒuqíng came to be used paricularily for creatures with mental activities, whereas zhòngshēng can be used more generally for 'living being', including plant life; the term yǒuqíng is also less neutral, since it gives also emphasis to the notion of qíng 情, i.e. that living beings (particularily human beings) are characterized by deluded mental activities); SANSKRIT sattva
      生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • npluralliving being (often clearly including humans, but frequently indistinguishable from the examples collected under ANIMAL)
      群品  qún pǐn OC: ɡlun phrɯmʔ MC: gi̯un phim 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPindefiniteBUDDH: sentient beings (this is a widely used translation of skr. sattva)
      群生  qún shēng OC: ɡlun sraaŋ MC: gi̯un ʂɣaŋ 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPliving creaturesLZ
      • NPplaceBUDDH: the multitude of beings > sentient beings (more common is zhòngshēng 眾生); skr. sattva
      庶物  shù wù MC: syoH mjut OC: qhljaɡs mɯdCH 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPthe ordinary creatures of this world (other than men)CH
      生物  shēng wù OC: sraaŋ mɯd MC: ʂɣaŋ mi̯ut 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPliving creatures; animate creatures
      • NPcolloquialliving creature (including plants and animals)
      非人  fēi rén OC: pɯl njin MC: pɨi ȵin 2 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Oppos: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.

        Syntactic words
      • NPnon-humanBUDDH: non-human animate creatures
      情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nsubject=pluralBUDDH: those who have mental activity, those endowed the feelings > sentient beings
      四生  sì shēng OC: plids sraaŋ MC: si ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
      • Digital Dictionary of Buddhism ( MULLER) p.

        Syntactic words
      • NPbuddhistBUDDH: the four born ones > the four type of beings existing the Three Realms, san1jiè 三界 and Six Destinies, liùdào 六道 (these creatures are divided ino those being born from an egg (obivprous, luǎnshēng 卵生), born from the womb of mammals (viviparous, tāishēng 胎生), born from moisture (shīshēng 濕生), usually referring to insects the eggs of which are not easily detectable; born through transformation (huàshēng 化生), referring to gods and residents of hell, both of them being born based on their karma)
      天物  tiān wù OC: lʰiin mɯd MC: then mi̯ut 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPdefinitethe creatures of this world, which are from Heaven
      恆沙  héng shā OC: ɡɯɯŋ sraal MC: ɦəŋ ʂɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPsubject=pluralBUDDH: those which are numerous like the Ganges River > the numerous creatures; the countless living beings
      生者  shēng zhě OC: sraaŋ kljaʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPnonreferentialliving creatures
      異類  yì lèi OC: p-lɯɡs ruds MC: jɨ li 1 AttributionWD
      • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 38c

        Syntactic words
      • NPnonreferentialBUDDH: other categories > referring to non-human types of existence such as gods, demons, humgry ghosts, animals or residents of hell
      群物  qún wù MC: -- mjut OC: -- mɯdCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpluraldefinite: all the various creatures (of the world)CH
      命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nsubject=pluralthose living > creatures 眾命
      化生  huà shēng OC: hŋʷraals sraaŋ MC: hɣɛ ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPbuddhistBUDDH: creatures born through transformation (such as gods and hell-dwellers who have been reborn based on their karma; see sìshēng 四生)
      卵生  luǎn shēng OC: ɡ-roonʔ sraaŋ MC: lʷɑn ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPbuddhistBUDDH: creatues born from eggs (see sìshēng 四生)
      濕生  shī shēng OC: qhljɯb sraaŋ MC: ɕip ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPbuddhistBUDDH: creatures born from moisture (often used for insects and similar animals with tiny eggs which are difficult to detect; see liùshēng 六生)
      胎生  tāi shēng OC: lʰɯɯ sraaŋ MC: thəi ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPbuddhistBUDDH: creatures born from the womb (see sìshēng 四生)
      受造者  shòu zào zhě OC: djuʔ sɡuuʔ kljaʔ MC: dʑɨu dzɑu tɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPcreature
      一切眾生  yī qiè zhòng shēng OC: qliɡ snʰiids tjuŋs sraaŋ MC: ʔit tshei tɕuŋ ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpluralthe creatures of the world
        Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpluraldefinite: all the various creatures (of the world)CH

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