BELOW    底下下

PLACE that is LOW IN-RELATION-TO something OTHER.
BENEATHUNDERUNDERNEATHFURTHER DOWN THANLOWER THAN
Old Chinese Criteria
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [[COMMON/RARE]] [ELEVATED/FAMILIAR] [+FIG/LITERAL] 1. The standard term referring to the relatively low position of something vis-a-vis something else is xià 下 (ant. shàng 上 "above"). [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]] 2. Bēi 卑 (ant. gāo 高 "high, elevated") can refer to what is physically low and therefore possibly or presumbably of lower status. See mainly LOW and HUMBLE [+FIG] 3. Dǐ 底 "below" (ant. dǐng 頂 "top") was late to emerge as a colloquial competitor. [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]] 4. Lù 麓 refers to the foot of a mountain, and the contrast with the many words for mountain summits is striking. [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
底下 下面 下邊 以下 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • HIGHBIG VERTICALLY.
  • ABOVEPLACE HIGH IN-RELATION-TO OTHER PLACE.
See also
  • LOWSMALL VERTICALLY.
Hypernym
  • PLACE　PART of SPACE that THINGS BE-IN:are-in. (anc: 4/0, child: 39)
  • PART　OBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 8)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)

Words (6 items)

下  xià OC: ɢraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 99 Attributions

The standard term referring to the relatively low position of something vis-a-vis something else is xià 下 (ant. shàng 上 "above"). [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]

    Word relations
  • Ant: 上/ABOVE The standard word referring to what is above or on top is shàng 上. >>SPATIAL!, CONCRETE!
  • Ant: 高/HIGH The manifestly dominant general word is gāo 高(ant. bēi 卑 "low" and xià 下 "low") which refers to concrete as well as abstract elevation.
  • Assoc: 低 / 氐/BELOW Dǐ 底 "below" (ant. dǐng 頂 "top") was late to emerge as a colloquial competitor. [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]

    Syntactic words
  • n(adN)the place above the contextually determinate NCH
  • n(post-N)figurativethe "place" below NCH
  • n[adN]what is low in the terrain; what is below one
  • n[adN]what is below> the earthCH
  • nab[post-N]figurativethe position below everthing elseCH
  • nabfigurativelow position; lowness of musical pitch
  • nadNlow, lower
  • nadNlowerCH
  • nadNfigurativelower > inferior; of the lower world; nether; under one's command
  • nadNfigurativebelow 下民
  • nadVbelowLZ
  • nadVfigurativeat the lower levels; to the worse side
  • npost-.N+ZHIbelow
  • npost-.N+ZHIfigurativeat a lower abstract level
  • npost-Nfigurativefig. below of N (e.g. > among the disciples of N)
  • npost-Nfigurativebelow; at the bottom of something; in status: lower
  • npost-Ninsideunder (i.e. inside) (the tent etc)
  • npost-Nplacethe lower part; the place below something; low-lying place; the area at the foot of (a mountain)
  • nt(post-N).adSbelow the contextually determinate N
  • n{PLACE}adVbelow
  • n{PRED}post-Nbe below N, be not as tall as NLZ
  • vadVderivedat the lower level; at least 上...下CH
  • vadVtextbelow (in the text)
  • vibe directed downwardsCH
  • viacttake the lower position, maintain the lower position, stay below something else
  • vigradedbe low, be down (ant. 高)LZ
  • vpostadVdirectiondirectional verbal complement: to V in downwards direction
  • vt+Nfigurativeput (oneself) lower then N, maintain lower status in respect to N
  • vt+prep+Nfigurativeto get (i.e. in one's speech) below the standard N, to go further down below NLZ
  • vtoNstativebe below N in status
下風  xià fēng OC: ɢraaʔ plum MC: ɦɣɛ puŋ 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPfigurativeunder the ruler's authority
  • NPpostadVpolitefrom my humble position; from his humble position; humblyCH
已下  yǐ xià MC: yiX haeX OC: k-lɯʔ ɢraaʔ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPpost-Nvariant of 以下: below NDS
低  dī OC: tiil MC: tei
氐  dī OC: tiil MC: tei 1 Attribution

Dǐ 底 "below" (ant. dǐng 頂 "top") was late to emerge as a colloquial competitor. [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]

    Word relations

    Syntactic words
  • vilow (from Han times)
  • vpostadVdirectiondirectional verbal complement: V in downwards direction
麓  lù OC: b-rooɡ MC: luk 0 Attributions

Lù 麓 refers to the foot of a mountain, and the contrast with the many words for mountain summits is striking. [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]

    Syntactic words
  • nfoot of a mountain[sometimes specifically refering to forest-areas: LIJI 5; Couvreur 1.320f; Sūn Xīdàn 4.49f; tr. Legge 1.244 山陵、林麓、 Hills and mounds, forests and thickets,]
卑  bēi OC: pe MC: piɛ 0 Attributions

Bēi 卑 (ant. gāo 高 "high, elevated") can refer to what is physically low and therefore possibly or presumbably of lower status. See mainly LOW and HUMBLE [+FIG]

    Syntactic words