BELOW 底下下
PLACE that is LOW IN-RELATION-TO something OTHER.
Old Chinese Criteria
[[COMMON/RARE]]
[ELEVATED/FAMILIAR]
[+FIG/LITERAL]
1. The standard term referring to the relatively low position of something vis-a-vis something else is xià 下 (ant. shàng 上 "above").
[GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]
2. Bēi 卑 (ant. gāo 高 "high, elevated") can refer to what is physically low and therefore possibly or presumbably of lower status. See mainly LOW and HUMBLE
[+FIG]
3. Dǐ 底 "below" (ant. dǐng 頂 "top") was late to emerge as a colloquial competitor.
[FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]
4. Lù 麓 refers to the foot of a mountain, and the contrast with the many words for mountain summits is striking.
[SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
下面
下邊
以下
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /
Words
下 xià OC: ɢraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 95 AttributionsWD
The standard term referring to the relatively low position of something vis-a-vis something else is xià 下 (ant. shàng 上 "above"). [GENERAL]; [[COMMON]]
- Word relations
- Ant: 上/ABOVE
The standard word referring to what is above or on top is shàng 上. >>SPATIAL!, CONCRETE! - Ant: 高/HIGH
The manifestly dominant general word is gāo 高(ant. bēi 卑 "low" and xià 下 "low") which refers to concrete as well as abstract elevation. - Assoc: 低 / 氐/BELOW
Dǐ 底 "below" (ant. dǐng 頂 "top") was late to emerge as a colloquial competitor. [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]
- Syntactic words
- n(adN)the place above the contextually determinate NCH
- n(post-N)figurativethe "place" below NCH
- n[adN]what is low in the terrain; what is below one
- n[adN]what is below> the earthCH
- nab[post-N]figurativethe position below everthing elseCH
- nabfigurativelow position; lowness of musical pitch
- nadNlow, lower
- nadNlowerCH
- nadNfigurativelower > inferior; of the lower world; nether; under one's command
- nadNfigurativebelow 下民
- nadVfigurativeat the lower levels
- npost-.N+ZHIbelow
- npost-.N+ZHIfigurativeat a lower abstract level
- npost-Nfigurativefig. below of N (e.g. > among the disciples of N)
- npost-Nfigurativebelow; at the bottom of something; in status: lower
- npost-Ninsideunder (i.e. inside) (the tent etc)
- npost-Nplacethe lower part; the place below something; low-lying place; the area at the foot of (a mountain)
- nt(post-N).adSbelow the contextually determinate N
- n{PLACE}adVbelow
- n{PRED}post-Nbe below N, be not as tall as NLZ
- vadVderivedat the lower level; at least 上...下CH
- vadVtextbelow (in the text)
- vibe directed downwardsCH
- viacttake the lower position, maintain the lower position, stay below something else
- vigradedbe low, be down (ant. 高)LZ
- vpostadVdirectiondirectional verbal complement: to V in downwards direction
- vt+Nfigurativeput (oneself) lower then N, maintain lower status in respect to N
- vt+prep+Nfigurativeto get (i.e. in one's speech) below the standard N, to go further down below NLZ
- vtoNstativebe below N in status
下風 xià fēng OC: ɢraaʔ plum MC: ɦɣɛ puŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfigurativeunder the ruler's authority
- NPpostadVpolitefrom my humble position; from his humble position; humblyCH
低 dī OC: tiil MC: tei
氐 dī OC: tiil MC: tei 1 AttributionWD
Dǐ 底 "below" (ant. dǐng 頂 "top") was late to emerge as a colloquial competitor. [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]
- Word relations
- Syntactic words
- vilow (from Han times)
- vpostadVdirectiondirectional verbal complement: V in downwards direction
已下 yǐ xià MC: yiX haeX OC: k-lɯʔ ɢraaʔDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpost-Nvariant of 以下: below NDS
卑 bēi OC: pe MC: piɛ 0 AttributionsWD
Bēi 卑 (ant. gāo 高 "high, elevated") can refer to what is physically low and therefore possibly or presumbably of lower status. See mainly LOW and HUMBLE [+FIG]
- Syntactic words
麓 lù OC: b-rooɡ MC: luk 0 AttributionsWD
Lù 麓 refers to the foot of a mountain, and the contrast with the many words for mountain summits is striking. [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]
- Syntactic words
- nfoot of a mountain[sometimes specifically refering to forest-areas: LIJI 5; Couvreur 1.320f; Sūn Xīdàn 4.49f; tr. Legge 1.244 山陵、林麓、 Hills and mounds, forests and thickets,]
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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