HEAD  頭首

LIMB CONTAINING EYES, NOSE AND MOUTH.
SKULLCRANIUMCROWNINFORMAL NUTNOODLENOGGINDOME
Hypernym
  • LIMBBODY PART OTHER than the TORSO.
  • BRAINSOFT BODY TISSUE INSIDE THE HEAD.
    • CROWN OF HEADUPSIDE of a HEAD.
      • FACEPART of the HEAD CONTAINING EYES, NOSE AND MOUTH ETC.
        Hyponym
        • SKULL　BONES of the HEAD of a DEAD BODY.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The standard word for the head is shǒu 首.

          2. Tóu 頭 is probably a dialect word meaning "head" and in any case the word seems to have a colloquial flavour.

          3. Yuán 元 is already archaic by Warring States times.

          NB: Lú 顱 is the standard word for the skull, and perhaps marginal to this group. See SKULL

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006

          HUMAN BODY 30. 人頭。

          元，最早的人頭之稱。

          首，通稱，最具書面色彩。

          頭，漢以後人頭的通稱。

          腦，從頭內物而指稱頭，口語色彩濃厚，中古後漸多用。

          顱，由頭骨而指稱頭。髑髏，早期指死人的頭骨，聯綿詞。

          枯髏，宋以後指死人的頭骨，聯綿詞。

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          頭

          首

          頭部 is used figuratively to refer to the upper part of something.

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.20

          • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 6

            KOPF

          • A Russian-English Collocational Dictionary of the Human Body ( IORDANSKAJA 1996) p. 68

          • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 2

          • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 159

          • "三國志"同義詞及其歷史演變 ( WANG TONGWEI 2010) p. 223-246

          • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 114

          • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.286

          • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 75

          Words

          頭  tóu OC: doo MC: du 39 AttributionsWD

          Tóu 頭 is probably a dialect word meaning "head" and in any case the word seems to have a colloquial flavour.

            Word relations
          • Oppos: 足/FOOT The general word for a foot is zú 足.

            Syntactic words
          • nhead (also of birds etc)
          • n(post-N)head of the contextually determinate NCH
          • n[post-N]one's headDS
          • npost-NN's headDS
          首  shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 19 AttributionsWD

          The standard word for the head is shǒu 首.

            Word relations
          • Object: 斬/CUT Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
          • Epithet: 黔/BLACK Qián 黔 typically refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods, especially in qián mín 黔民 "the common people". [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]
          • Oppos: 身/BODY Shēn 身 (which also means "person") specifically refers to the main trunk of the body excluding head, arms and legs.
          • Oppos: 尾/TAIL The general word for a tail of any animal, including birds, is wěi 尾.
          • Oppos: 後/BEHIND The standard term is hòu 後 (ant. qián 前 "before") which has both temporal and spatial meanings, the spatial meaning being the primary one. The term has no competitors in the spatial sphere.

            Syntactic words
          • n[post-N]one's own headCH
          • nchead
          • nderivedskullCH
          • nfigurativetail (of a coat etc)
          • npost-NN's headCH
          元  yuán OC: ŋɡon MC: ŋi̯ɐn 3 AttributionsWD

          Yuán 元 is already archaic by Warring States times.

            Syntactic words
          • nhead
          • vadNfigurativeprincipal, arch-LZ
          元首  yuán shǒu OC: ŋɡon qhljuʔ MC: ŋi̯ɐn ɕɨu 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPfigurativehead as organ of thought, or as leader
          首領  shǒu lǐng OC: qhljuʔ ɡ-reŋʔ MC: ɕɨu liɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPhead including neck
          頨  yǔ OC:  MC: ɦi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nyǔ top of head high on the outside and with a cavity in the middle; concave head DCD: 四周凸起中間凹陷的頭頂。
          顛  diān OC: tiin MC: ten 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • ncrown of the head
          顱  lú OC: ɡ-raa MC: luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

          Lú 顱 is the standard word for the skull, and perhaps marginal to this group. See SKULL

            Syntactic words

          Existing SW for

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