BLACK  黑色黑

INTENSELY DARK COLOUR of THINGS LACKING LIGHT.
DARKPITCH-BLACKJET-BLACKCOAL-BLACKEBONYSABLEINKY
Antonym
  • WHITECOLOUR RESEMBLING COLOUR of FRESH SNOW.
    Hypernym
    • COLOURAPPEARANCE of SURFACES which REFLECT OR ISSUE LIGHT, PERCEIVED USING the EYES.
      • APPEARANCECLEAR:visible BUT SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED FEATURES.
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
          • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
    See also
    • DARKCOLOUR LACKING BRIGHTNESS.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        [[COMMON/RARE]]

        [DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]

        [ELEVATED/FAMILIAR]

        [+FIG/LITERAL]

        [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

        [IDIOMATIC/NON-IDIOMATIC]

        [POETIC/PROSAIC]

        1.The standard word is hēi 黑 (ant. bái 白 "white") which refers to anything very dark.

        [GENERAL], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC]; [[COMMON]]

        2. Xuán 玄 (ant. sù 素 "pristine unadorned white") refers to a redish mystifying black. SW: 黑而有赤色者

        [ELEVATED], [+FIG], [POETIC!]

        3. Àn 黯 (ant. hào 昊 "shining bright (of sky)") is rare and poetic, and the word refers to the threatening darkness of clouds in a thunderstorm.

        [DRAMATIC], [ELEVATED], [LITERAL], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]

        4. Zī 淄／緇 (ant. sù 素 "plain white") refers to the glossy greyish black appearance of dark silk, like the colour of dark earth, and this word seems limited to the description of clothes.

        [ELEVATED], [LITERAL], [SPECIFIC]

        5. Dài 黛 (ant. hào 皓 "shining whie") refers specifically to the dust-glossy black of make-up.

        [ELEVATED], [LITERAL], [POETIC], [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]

        6. Lí 黎 / 黧 (ant. sù 素 "pristine white and un-suntanned") refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods.

        [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]

        7. Qián 黔 refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods, especially in qián mín 黔民 "the common people".

        [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]

        8. Méi 黴 refers to the facial complexion darkened either by exposure to the sun or by sorrow.

        [ELEVATED], [+FIG], [IDIOMATIC], [POETIC!]; [[RARE]]

        9. Zào 皂 (sù 素 "plain undyed white") is also very rare and refers to the appearance of coarse dyed black non-silken textiles, the original reference of the word being to the plant used to produce the black effect.

        [LITERAL], [PROSAIC]

        10. Mò 墨 is basically ink, and by extension the word can come to refer to a dark black colour.

        黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
        HUANG JINGUI 2006 ART 13.

        黑，火熏之色，黑色的總稱。

        皂，皂斗，可提取黑色染料；多用來形容布帛及其製品。

        玄，黑中帶赤，經由六遍漬染而成；泛指黑色。

        緇，經由七遍漬染而成，主要指稱布帛及其製品；黑色深於涅。

        涅，黑泥，又指黑礬石，可染黑；黑色次於緇。

        烏，烏鴉；以羽毛喻稱黑色。

        驪，深黑色馬，多形容馬黑色。

        墨，書寫所用之石墨、松煙墨；黑色最深。

        黎，黑中帶黃，多形容膚色、面色。

        黔，多用於 “ 黔首 ” 一詞，指代平民百姓。

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        黑色

        黑

        黑乎乎

        黔

        烏

        黝黑 refers to a very dark blackish colour of skin, and is marginal.

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 15.65

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          BLACK

          ater refers to black as the absence of any visible colour.

          niger refers to black as being itself a characteristic colour.

          pullus refers to the dirty black colour of dirt.

          fuscus refers to browning black.

        • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 346

        • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.973

        • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 48

        • Kleine Schriften Deutsche Ostasienstudien ( UNGER 2009) p. 1-9

        • 語言學論集 ( ZHANG YONGYAN 1992) p. 100-135

          Zhang lists 98 terms and compares adjacent languages.

        • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

          ater, -tra, -trum 'black' [adj. o/a] (P1.+)

          Derivatives: atrium (P1.+) 'first main room in a Roman-style house'.

        • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 203

        Words

        黑  hēi OC: hmɯɯɡ MC: hək 25 Attributions

        The standard word is hēi 黑 (ant. bái 白 "white") which refers to anything very dark. [LITERAL], [PROSAIC]; [[COMMON]]

          Word relations
        • Ant: 白/WHITE The dominant word for whiteness is bái 白 (ant. hēi 黑 "black").

          Syntactic words
        • nabfeatureblack
        • nsubjectwhat is black> black things
        • vadNblack; blackened
        • vibe black
        • viinchoativeturn black
        • viinchoativeturn black; turn dark in colourCH
        玄  xuán OC: ɡʷeen MC: ɦen 18 Attributions

        Xuán 玄 (ant. sù 素 "pristine unadorned white") refers to a redish mystifying black. SW: 黑而有赤色者 [ELEVATED], [+FIG], [POETIC]

          Syntactic words
        • nsubjecta reddish black object
        • vadNreddish dark; generally: dark
        • vibe reddish dark; generally: dark
        • vtoNcausativemake black
        緇  zī OC: tsrɯ MC: ʈʂɨ
        淄  zī OC: tsrɯ MC: ʈʂɨ
        緇淄玆  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 9 Attributions

        Zī 淄／緇 (ant. sù 素 "plain white") refers to the glossy greyish black appearance of dark silk, like the colour of dark earth, and this word seems limited to the description of clothes. [ELEVATED], [LITERAL], [SPECIFIC]

          Syntactic words
        • vadNblack
        • vidark as black silk, generally: dark and black
        • vichangeturn black
        • vtoNcausativecause to be black; make black; dye black
        墨  mò OC: mɯɯɡ MC: mək 5 Attributions

        Mò 墨 is basically ink, and by extension the word can come to refer to a dark black colour.

          Syntactic words
        • nadNink black
        • vigradedbe dark in complexion; be black 深墨
        • vtoNcausativemake black, dye black
        黧黑  lí hēi OC: riil hmɯɯɡ MC: lei hək 3 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • VPistativebe dark and sunburnt
        玈  lú OC: raa MC: luo̝ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vadNlacquered black
        黔  qián OC: ɡram MC: giɛm 2 Attributions

        Qián 黔 typically refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods, especially in qián mín 黔民 "the common people". [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]

          Word relations
        • Epithet: 首/HEAD The standard word for the head is shǒu 首.

          Syntactic words
        • v[adN]what is black; the black things
        • vadNblack or brownish-black 黔首"black heads, i.e. the common people"
        • vibe black
        • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to become black; make (oneself) black
        黧  lí OC: riil MC: lei 2 Attributions

        Lí 黎/黧 (ant. sù 素 "pristine white and un-suntanned") refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods. [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]

          Syntactic words
        • vadNblack and sunburnt
        • vibe black and sunburnt; have a dark complexion
        盧  lú OC: ɡ-raa MC: luo̝ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • vadNblack
        • vibe black
        苴  jū OC: ska MC: tsi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • nadNdark-colored; black (LIJI)
        驪  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • vadNblackCH
        • vibe black
        黝  yǒu OC: qriwʔ MC: ʔi̯u 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • vadNLUNHENG: greenish black
        紺青  gàn qīng OC: kooms tsheeŋ MC: kəm tsheŋ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • VPadNglazed black; glazed very dark
        青黑  qīng hēi OC: tsheeŋ hmɯɯɡ MC: tsheŋ hək 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • VPibe greenish-black
        黎黑  lí hēi OC: riil hmɯɯɡ MC: lei hək 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • viresultativebe suntanned to the point of being black> be all blackened
        • VPichangeturn all dark
        黛黛  dài dài OC: lɯɯɡs lɯɯs MC: dəi dəi 1 Attribution

        Dài 黛 (ant. hào 皓 "shining whie") refers specifically to the dust-glossy black of make-up. [ELEVATED], [LITERAL], [POETIC], [SPECIFIC]; [[RARE]]

          Syntactic words
        • nmblack make-up
        • vibe dark like eye-brow makeup, greenish/grey dark
        黯黑  àn hēi OC: qrɯɯmʔ hmɯɯɡ MC: ʔɣɛm hək 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • VPiintensitivebe all dark
        涅  niè OC: m-liiɡ MC: net 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vibe black
        淄  zī OC: tsrɯ MC: ʈʂɨ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vadNblack
        犁  lí OC: riil MC: lei 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        玆  xuán OC: gʷeen MC: ɦen 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        皂  zào OC: dzuuʔ MC: dzɑu 0 Attributions

        Zào 皂 (sù 素 "plain undyed white") is also very rare and refers to the appearance of coarse dyed black non-silken textiles, the original reference of the word being to the plant used to produce the black effect. [LITERAL], [PROSAIC]

          Syntactic words
        • nadNSHIJI: died black (of coarse, non silken clothes)
        • nmblack dye; mostly used in connection with clothing and other textiles; NB: the generalised meaning "black" is postHan (There are Sanguo examples of 皂白 )
        秬  jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vibe black ZUO, SHI
        虔  qián OC: ɡren MC: giɛn 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vibe black (unattested in primary sources, only in a personal name, according to ZHANG YONGYAN 1992: 101)
        袨  xuàn OC: ɡʷeens MC: ɦen 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • viblack (of garmnts) 玉篇
        𩰤  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nmblack (of grain)
        鸝  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vibe black
        黎  lí OC: riil MC: lei 0 Attributions

        Lí 黎/黧 (ant. sù 素 "pristine white and un-suntanned") refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods. [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]

          Word relations
        • Epithet: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.

          Syntactic words
        • vadNof the dark complexion of humans who have been exposed over long time to wind and sun (thus giving rise to the expression lí mín 黎民 for the common people)
        黯  àn OC: qrɯɯmʔ MC: ʔɣɛm 0 Attributions

        Àn 黯 (ant. hào 昊"shining bright (of sky)") is rare and poetic, and the word refers to the threatening darkness of clouds in a thunderstorm. [DRAMATIC], [ELEVATED], [LITERAL], [POETIC]; [[RARE]]

          Syntactic words
        • viCai Yong, 述行賦: be deep black (as threatening clouds in a thunderstorm)
        黴  méi OC: mrɯl MC: mi 0 Attributions

        Qián 黔 refers to the dark sunburnt complexion of those who work in the open for long periods, especially in qián mín 黔民 "the common people". [IDIOMATIC], [LITERAL], [PROSAIC], [SPECIFIC]

          Syntactic words
        • vibe of dark, ruddy complexion; have an ashen, dark complexion, as in HN méi hēi 黴黑 have the ruddy appearance of a common person: 舜黴黑

        Existing SW for

        Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: