CONTRACT 合同
MUTUALLY PROMISE, TYPICALLY USING WRITING, TO ACT in a certain way.[[VERTRAG]]
AGREEMENTCOMMITMENTARRANGEMENTSETTLEMENTUNDERSTANDINGCOMPACTCOVENANTBONDDEALBARGAINLAW INDENTURE
Hypernym
- PROMISEADDRESS ANOTHER SAYING that one FUTURE:will CERTAINLY DO something DESIRED by him/her.
Hyponym
- TALLY CONTRACT where ALL:each MEMBER HAS ONE PART of a PIECE of TIMBER.A physical CONTRACT in the form stick or rod of wood, usually squared, marked on one side with transverse notches representing the amount of a debt or payment, or an agreement. The rod being cleft lengthwise across the notches, the debtor and creditor each retained one of the halves, the agreement or tallying of which constituted legal proof of the agreement etc.
- ALLIANCE CONTRACT in which GROUPS PROMISE to COOPERATE.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for a contract of any kind is yuē 約.
2. Méng 盟 refers to a momentous formal (typically written) contract or oath of allegiance betwen feudal lords confirmed by ritual blood sacrifice, although such oaths could occasionally be taken by humble individuals (bī rén 卑人 "persons of low status") in which case the day of the ritual was not recorded.
3. Shì 誓 is sometimes used in ancient texts to refer to a sworn covenant between individuals, but the word also refers to a personal oath. See OATH.
4. Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY.
2. Méng 盟 refers to a momentous formal (typically written) contract or oath of allegiance betwen feudal lords confirmed by ritual blood sacrifice, although such oaths could occasionally be taken by humble individuals (bī rén 卑人 "persons of low status") in which case the day of the ritual was not recorded.
3. Shì 誓 is sometimes used in ancient texts to refer to a sworn covenant between individuals, but the word also refers to a personal oath. See OATH.
4. Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006
TRADE 10.
契，分左右兩片，邊上刻齒，最早證明出賣、租賃、借貸、抵押等關係的憑證，從契刻相合的鋸齒稱之。
券，戰國前後證明出賣、租賃、借貸、抵押等關係的憑證，就其憑證性與約束性稱之。
傅別，中間書字半分的借貸憑證。
質，人口、牛馬等人畜買賣契據的專稱。
劑，古代兵器、珍異等物品買賣契據的專稱。
1. Méng 盟 are between feudal lords, shì 誓 can be between any respectable private individuals.
2. Méng 盟 involves the blood of sacrificial domestic animals, shì 誓 does not normally involve the use of sacrificial animals..
3. Méng 盟 involves invocation through the blood of sacrificial animals, and it is typically in red writing, while shì 誓 is by the use of invocation of the spirits through words only, inviting the gods to punish those who break the oath. Occasionally this can be accompanied by casting a jade object into the river.
4. Shì 誓 can be an oath sworn by one individual, whereas méng 盟 is always a covenant between different parties. See CONTRACT.
Zhan Jinsen 1991
TRADE 10.
契，分左右兩片，邊上刻齒，最早證明出賣、租賃、借貸、抵押等關係的憑證，從契刻相合的鋸齒稱之。
券，戰國前後證明出賣、租賃、借貸、抵押等關係的憑證，就其憑證性與約束性稱之。
傅別，中間書字半分的借貸憑證。
質，人口、牛馬等人畜買賣契據的專稱。
劑，古代兵器、珍異等物品買賣契據的專稱。
1. Méng 盟 are between feudal lords, shì 誓 can be between any respectable private individuals.
2. Méng 盟 involves the blood of sacrificial domestic animals, shì 誓 does not normally involve the use of sacrificial animals..
3. Méng 盟 involves invocation through the blood of sacrificial animals, and it is typically in red writing, while shì 誓 is by the use of invocation of the spirits through words only, inviting the gods to punish those who break the oath. Occasionally this can be accompanied by casting a jade object into the river.
4. Shì 誓 can be an oath sworn by one individual, whereas méng 盟 is always a covenant between different parties. See CONTRACT.
Zhan Jinsen 1991
Modern Chinese Criteria
合同
合約
契
契紙
契據
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
合約
契
契紙
契據
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
CONTRACT
foedus refers to a contract for security conducted with a view to securing mutual interests.
societas refers to an engagement to cvollaborate on some undertaking on the ground of mere agreement.
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p.
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
305 - 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao
(
HUANG JINGUI 1995)
p.
123 - Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe
(
KOSELLECK 1972-97)
p.
6.901-954 - "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China"
(
UNGER SACH)
p.
BUNDESSCHWUR
- 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
420 - 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
778 盟，誓
Words
盟 méng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 58 AttributionsWD
Méng 盟 refers to a momentous formal (typically written) contract or oath of allegiance betwen feudal lords confirmed by ritual blood sacrifice, although such oaths could occasionally be taken by humble individuals (bī rén 卑人 "persons of low status") in which case the day of the ritual was not recorded.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 誓 / 逝 / 矢/OATH
The general word for an oath of any kind, binding individuals, families or states by word of honour is shì 誓. - Assoc: 誓/CONTRACT
Shì 誓 is sometimes used in ancient texts to refer to a sworn covenant between individuals, but the word also refers to a personal oath. See OATH.
- Syntactic words
- nabactthe swearing of oaths of typically interstate allegiance confirmed by blood sacrifice
- nabact(private) contract
- nabtextformal diplomatic written and ritual agreement, oath of allegiance covenant; pact
- vi2swear blood oath (of allegiance etc.); make a covenant; join a pact; make a treaty
- vi2post.N1+N2X and Y entered a formal contract by swearing an oath
- vigeneral, actswear blood oaths, practise the swearing of blood oathsCH
- vt+prep+Nmake a contract confirmed by a blood oath (e.g. with the Yellow River as the contractor)
- vt1post.vt2oN1: prep N2N2=placemake an agreement with somebody at N2DS
- vtoNswear f formal oath of allegiance with
- vtoNpreposed objectswear a formal oath of allegiance with
- vtoN{PLUR}make a contract with
- vtpost-.VtoNswear a formal oath of allegiance (of several subjects)
約 yuē OC: qplewɡ MC: ʔi̯ɐk 21 AttributionsWD
The current general word for a contract of any kind is yuē 約.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 契/CONTRACT
Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY.
- Syntactic words
- nabcontract, formal agreement
- viactenter into alliances
- vtoNenter into an alliance with
- vtpost-.VtoNhave an agreement with
契 qì OC: khees MC: khei 7 AttributionsWD
Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY.
- Word relations
- Object: 執/ACT
- Assoc: 券/CONTRACT
Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY. - Assoc: 約/CONTRACT
The current general word for a contract of any kind is yuē 約.
- Syntactic words
- nbinding document of any kind, legal or contractual
- viactenter an alliance, make a contract for cooperation
券契 quàn qì OC: khons khees MC: khi̯ɐn khei 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPcontract; contracts
盟誓 méng shì OC: mraŋ ɡljeds MC: mɣaŋ dʑiɛi 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialsworn contracts, oaths of allegiance
- VPiactmake sworn contracts of any kind
要 yāo OC: qew MC: ʔiɛu 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabtextagreement; treaty
- vtoSmake an agreement to the effect that S
- vtpost-.VtoNmake an agreement with N
同盟 tóng méng OC: looŋ mraŋ MC: duŋ mɣaŋ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi2make a covenant
券 quàn OC: khons MC: khi̯ɐn 3 AttributionsWD
Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 契/CONTRACT
Quàn 券 and the somewhat more archaic qì 契 refers to the physical object which constitutes the written version of a contract or an agreement. See TALLY.
- Syntactic words
- nbinding contractual document;
固 gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nmaintain a close alliance with
- vtoNmake a firm alliance with
與 yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNenter into an association or alliance with
詛盟 zǔ méng OC: skras mraŋ MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ mɣaŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialsworn contracts
- VPiactenter a sworn contract
誓 shì OC: ɡljeds MC: dʑiɛi 2 AttributionsWD
Shì 誓 is sometimes used in ancient texts to refer to a sworn covenant between individuals, but the word also refers to a personal oath. See OATH.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 盟/CONTRACT
Méng 盟 refers to a momentous formal (typically written) contract or oath of allegiance betwen feudal lords confirmed by ritual blood sacrifice, although such oaths could occasionally be taken by humble individuals (bī rén 卑人 "persons of low status") in which case the day of the ritual was not recorded.
- Syntactic words
- nabactsworn contract; declaration of allegiance
載書 zài shū OC: sɡlɯɯs qhlja MC: dzəi ɕi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtextcovenant
屬 zhǔ OC: tjoɡ MC: tɕi̯ok 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]indefiniteally; cooperating power
貲 zī OC: tse MC: tsiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- ncontract
連 lián OC: b-ren MC: liɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNlink up with, make diplomatic ties with
隨 suí MC: zjwe OC: sɢlol 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNally oneself with, become a loyal ally of
盟載 méng zài OC: mraŋ sɡlɯɯs MC: mɣaŋ dzəi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPtext of the contract
約契 yuē qì OC: qplewɡ khees MC: ʔi̯ɐk khei 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake contracts of any kind
要盟 yāo méng OC: qew mraŋ MC: ʔiɛu mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactforced covenant; covenant entered under duress
書 shū OC: qhlja MC: ɕi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- ncontract
稱 chēng OC: thjɯŋ MC: tɕhɨŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto contract a loan, to take up a loan
義 yì OC: ŋrals MC: ŋiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nagreement in the name of justice/moral principles
許和 xǔ hé OC: hŋaʔ ɡool MC: hi̯ɤ ɦʷɑ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNenter into an agreement with
Existing SW for
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