OATH  發誓

ADDRESS someone DECLARING INTENSELY that what one is SAYING is TRUE, and in so doing REFERRING to DEITIES as WITNESSES.DECLARE INTENSELY that what one is SAYING is TRUE, AND ASK DEITIES to BE WITNESSES.
VOWPLEDGESWORN STATEMENTPROMISEAVOWALAFFIRMATIONWORDWORD OF HONORBONDGUARANTEEFORMAL TROTH
Hypernym
  • ADDRESSSPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT. 
    • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
See also
  • CURSESPEAK so as to TRY to CAUSE DIVINE DISASTER FOR someone.
    Hyponym
    • PERJURY　OATH in which one LIES.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The general word for an oath of any kind, binding individuals, families or states by word of honour is shì 誓.

      2. Zǔ 詛 focusses on the intensity not of the commitment but of the swearing of the oath and the use of words.

      黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
      HUANG JINGUI 2006

      SACRIFICE 10.

      盟，諸侯在神前立誓結盟，相約遵守某項協議，是宗族集團之間的結盟，要殺牲歃血；後來也用於有關國家大事和個人行為。

      誓，基本是個人行為；當與 “ 盟 ” 連用時可代表國家。

      詛，指盟誓，從反面立論，指如違盟，神靈可加禍於發誓者；多用於國家或重要場合，常與 “ 盟 ” 連用，又可特指就小事起誓。

      [ 口＋兄 ] ，發誓，用於個人，或作 “ 祝 ” 。交往中共同的約束，上古泛稱 “ 要 ” 。秦以後多用 “ 約 ” ，要有言辭規定或契券憑證。

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      發誓 is the current modern word for swearing an oath.

      起誓 is a current colloquial word for swearing an oath.

      宣誓 focusses on the public nature of the oath.

      誓死 "pleadge one's life" refers to a solemn oath by one's own life.

      盟誓 focusses on the association created by an oath.

      明誓 is a colloquial way of referring to an oath.

      立誓 (lit) refers in a formal way to a demonstrative public oath.

      設誓 (lit, obs) is an obsolete way of referring to a solemn oath.

      賭咒 focusses on the superstitious elements involved in an oath.

      指天誓日 (prov) refers hyperbolically to the swearing of a solemn oath by Heaven and by the sun.

      誓

      矢

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 21.25

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

        OATH

        iusiurandum refers to a civil oath by which a person confirms or promises something.

        sacramentum refers to a military oath by which the soldier solemnly pledges and binds himself not to forsake his standard.

      • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

        JURAMENTUM

      • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.323

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 238

      • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.735

      • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.326

        EID

      • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

        BUNDESSCHWUR

        EID

      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 778

        盟，誓

      • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

        VOWS AND OATHS

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.202:138

        SERMENT.VOEU

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.63.45

        SERMENT.JUREMENT.JURON

      • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 145B

      Attributions by syntactic funtion

      • nab : 16
      • NPab : 11
      • vi : 5
      • VPtoS : 5
      • vt+V[0] : 4
      • VPt[0]+V[0] : 4
      • vttoN.+V[0] : 2
      • vt+Vt.oS : 2
      • vtoN : 2
      • vtpost-.VtoN : 2
      • VPt+V[0] : 2
      • VPi : 2
      • VPt+prep+N.+VtoS : 1
      • NP : 1
      • VPtoN : 1
      • vi+.VtoS:post.vtoN : 1
      • vt+prep+N : 1
      • vt+prep+N.adVtoS : 1
      • VPt+.VtoS : 1
      • vtoS : 1

      Attributions by text

      • 賢愚經 : 9
      • 春秋左傳 : 8
      • 六祖壇經 : 8
      • 論衡 : 6
      • 妙法蓮華經 : 6
      • 祖堂集 : 6
      • 搜神記 : 5
      • 史記 : 4
      • 禮記 : 3
      • 管子 : 3
      • 春秋穀梁傳 : 3
      • 淮南子 : 1
      • 論語 : 1
      • 百喻經 : 1
      • 孟子 : 1

      Words

      誓  shì OC: ɡljeds MC: dʑiɛi
      逝  shì OC: ɡljeds MC: dʑiɛi
      矢  shǐ OC: lʰiʔ MC: ɕi 31 AttributionsWD

      The general word for an oath of any kind, binding individuals, families or states by word of honour is shì 誓.

        Word relations
      • Contrast: 盟/CONTRACT Méng 盟 refers to a momentous formal (typically written) contract or oath of allegiance betwen feudal lords confirmed by ritual blood sacrifice, although such oaths could occasionally be taken by humble individuals (bī rén 卑人 "persons of low status") in which case the day of the ritual was not recorded.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactoath; the swearing of oaths;
      • nabactoath of faithful love
      • vi+.VtoS:post.vtoNswore an oath of allegiance (with N) (saying...) 與之誓曰
      • viactswear oath ( with an appeal to the gods to reinforce a promise)
      • vt+prep+Nswear an oath concerning (something or someone)
      • vt+prep+N.adVtoSswear an oath to (some group) (saying that...)誓於軍曰
      • vt+V[0]swear to V
      • vt+Vt.oSswear an oath (and say) 誓曰
      • vt[0]+V[0]I swear I shall V
      • vtoNswear an oath of allegiance to
      • vtoSswear an oath that, vow that
      • vtpost-.VtoNswear an oath of allegiance with
      • vttoN.+V[0]swear an oath in the presence of (someone N, saying...) 誓／矢之曰
      誓願  shì yuàn OC: ɡljeds ŋɡons MC: dʑiɛi ŋi̯ɐn 17 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactvow, oath; in the BUDDH. context usually referring to the vows of a Bodhisattva
      • VPiactmake an oath
      • VPt+V[0]vow to V
      • VPt[0]+V[0]I swear that I shall V
      • VPtoSmake a vow that S
      立誓  lì shì OC: ɡ-rub ɡljeds MC: lip dʑiɛi 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPt+prep+N.+VtoSN=humanswear an oath to N, saying: SDS
      • VPtoNswear to N; swear in front of NDS
      • VPtoSswear an oath to the effect that S
      詛  zǔ OC: skras MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ 4 AttributionsWD

      Zǔ 詛 focusses on the intensity not of the commitment but of the swearing of the oath and the use of words.

        Syntactic words
      • naboath
      • nabactthe practice of swearing oaths
      • vt+V[0]swear an oath to V
      • vtoNincant as an oath
      願  yuàn OC: ŋɡons MC: ŋi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabactoath, vow
      設誓  shè shì OC: qhjed ɡljeds MC: ɕiɛt dʑiɛi 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactmake an oath, vow, promise
      • VPt+.VtoSmake an oath saying, vow that 設誓言
      • VPtoSmake an oath that, vow that
      發願  fā yuàn OC: pod ŋɡons MC: pi̯ɐt ŋi̯ɐn 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactmake an oath > vow
      • VPt+.VtoSmake an oth that, vow that
      誥誓  gào shì OC: kuuɡs ɡljeds MC: kɑu dʑiɛi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactpublic oath
      言誓  yán shì MC: ngjon dzyejH OC: ŋan ɡljedsDS 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPoathDS

      Existing SW for

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