BIRD    鳥

ANIMAL that HAS TWO LEGS AND WINGS.
Old Chinese Criteria
[[COMMON/RARE]] [COUNT/MASS] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [NON-REFERENTIAL/REFERENTIAL] 1. Niǎo 鳥 is by far the most common word for any bird, and this word can refer to individual creatures. [COUNT], [GENERAL]; [[COMMON+]] 3. Qín 禽 refers to a large bird, typically a bird of prey that one might hunt for, and the word is predominantly used as a mass noun. (But note that the word can also be used to refer to wild beasts rather than birds.) [MASS!], [SPECIFIC] 3. Fēi niǎo 飛鳥 is the generic and non-referential term. [NON-REFERENTIAL] 4. Yǔ niǎo 羽鳥 is a rather formal general term for birds of all kinds. [NON-REFERENTIAL]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
禽 鳥 飛禽 猛禽 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • YOUNG BIRD　YOUNG BIRD. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • BIRDS OF PREY　BIRDS that ATTACK AND EAT BIG LIVING ANIMALS. (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
  • BIRDS　KINDS of BIRD. (anc: 7/0, child: 4)
  • OWL　 (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
Part of
See also
  • BEASTBIG WILD VERTEBRATE.
Hypernym
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 3.64

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    BIRD

    volucres refers to anything that flies, indluding winged insects.

    aves is the general term for a bird

    ales refers to larger birds only and is elevated stylistically.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 268

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1099

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 335

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    avis 'bird' [f. i] (Naev.+)

    Derivatives: avicula 'little bird' (Varro+); auspex, -icis 'augur, bird-diviner' (P1.+),

    auspicium 'augury, omen' (Elog., Naev.+), auspicare/i 'to take the auspices, enter

    upon' (Naev.+); auceps, gen.sg. aucupis 'bird-catcher' (P1.+), aucupare/i 'to go

    bird-catching' (P1.+), aucupium 'bird-catching; wild fowl' (P1.+); auca 'bird, esp.

    goose' (Avianus [ca. 400 AD], gloss.).

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 6.387

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.345

  • Birds in the Ancient World From A-Z ( ARNOTT 2007) p.

    • Words (6 items)

    鳥  niǎo OC: ntɯɯwʔ MC: teu 18 Attributions

    Niǎo 鳥 is by far the most common word for any bird, and this word can refer to individual creatures. [COUNT], [GENERAL]; [[COMMON+]]

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 飛 / 蜚/FLY The dominant word in this group is fēi 飛 which usually refers to the flying in a certain direction.
    • Epithet: /
    • Epithet: 羽/FEATHER Yǔ 羽 can refer to any feather of any kind, but which usually refers to feathers as forming the most visible part of a wing.
    • Assoc: 獸/BEAST Shòu 獸 tends to refer to dangerous mammals above a certain size that are typically imagined as running (zǒu shòu 走獸), and sometimes as liable to bite.

      Syntactic words
    • n化為鳥 "it turns into a bird": the general word for any kind of bird
    • nadNbird-, of the bird-kind ???
    • nadVanalogylike birds SHIJI: 鳥聚
    • nadVinstrumentusing bird(-name)s
    • nnonreferentialbird
    飛鳥  fēi niǎo OC: pɯl ntɯɯwʔ MC: pɨi teu 17 Attributions

    Fēi niǎo 飛鳥 is the generic and non-referential term. [NON-REFERENTIAL]

      Syntactic words
    • NPindefinitean unidentified bird, some bird or other
    • NP{vadN}nonreferentialbirds in general; birds of any kind; a bird
    禽  qín OC: ɡrɯm MC: gim 11 Attributions

    Qín 禽 refers to a large bird, typically a bird of prey that one might hunt for, and the word is predominantly used as a mass noun. (But note that the word can also be used to refer to wild beasts rather than birds.) [MASS!], [SPECIFIC]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 獸/BEAST Shòu 獸 tends to refer to dangerous mammals above a certain size that are typically imagined as running (zǒu shòu 走獸), and sometimes as liable to bite.
    • Epithet: 鷙/VIOLENT
    • Assoc: 獸/BEAST Shòu 獸 tends to refer to dangerous mammals above a certain size that are typically imagined as running (zǒu shòu 走獸), and sometimes as liable to bite.

      Syntactic words
    • nadVfigurativelike a wild birdCH
    • nccwild bird 一禽"one bird", not "one kind of bird"
    • nmfowl, bird, epecially large wild bird or bird of prey, and birds one might try to catch
    羽鳥  yǔ niǎo OC: ɢʷaʔ ntɯɯwʔ MC: ɦi̯o teu 2 Attributions

    Yǔ niǎo 羽鳥 is a rather formal general term for birds of all kinds. [NON-REFERENTIAL]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialbirds; a bird (in general)
    禽鳥  qín niǎo OC: ɡrɯm ntɯɯwʔ MC: gim teu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialbirds of all kinds
    羽物  yǔ wù MC: hjuX mjut OC: ɢʷaʔ mɯd 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPwinged creature> birdCH