STINGY    吝嗇嗇

EXCESSIVELY FRUGAL.
MEANMISERLYNIGGARDLYCLOSE-FISTEDPARSIMONIOUSPENNY-PINCHINGCHEESEPARINGSCROOGELIKEINFORMAL TIGHTFISTEDCHEAPTIGHTMINGYMONEY-GRUBBING
Old Chinese Criteria
1. A4i 愛 refers to stinginess with respect to a certain item, or to a certain kind of items. 2. The negative quality of stinginess is lìn 吝 (ant. POST-BUDDHIST kāng kǎi 慷慨 "generous (with friends)", and in pre-Buddhist times the less exact huì 惠 "generous (to inferiors)").
Modern Chinese Criteria
吝嗇 慳吝 鄙吝 貧氣 手緊 小氣 摳 摳搜 錢串子 小手小腳 小家子氣 小兒科 斤斤計較 掂斤播兩 錙銖必較 數米而炊 買菜求益 一毛不拔 吝嗇鬼 守財奴 看財奴 貧骨頭 小氣鬼 小氣貨 鐵公雞 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • GENEROUSHABITUALLY GIVE of one's WEALTH to THOSE WHO NEED it.
Hypernym
  • FRUGAL　MODERATE in USING MONEY AND PROPERTY. (anc: 16/0, child: 1)
  • MODERATION　CULTIVATE ONESELF so as to cause oneself to BE ENDURINGLY RESTRAINED. (anc: 15/0, child: 3)
  • RESTRAIN　HINDER from being UNRESTRAINED. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 71

    AVARUS, CUPIDUS

    4. Etymolog. lib. X, Littera A et C.

    Ibid. Vat. omittit desiderat. [AREV.]

    ]

    4. Inter Avarum et cupidum. Avarus est qui suo [ Al. sua] non utitur, cupidus qui aliena desiderat.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 294

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 256

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p. 70-76

    AVARITIA

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.680

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.217

  • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 22

  • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 73

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 4.376

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.70.51

    ATTACHE.AVARE.INTERESSE; AVARE.AVARICIEUX

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 295

    • Words (9 items)

    愛  ài OC: qɯɯds MC: ʔəi 37 Attributions

    Ài 愛 refers to stinginess with respect to a certain item, or to a certain kind of items.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychstinginess
    • viactbe parsimonious; be stingy
    • vtoNbe chary with; begrudge, be stingy with; be possessive about; be loath to lose
    • vtoNfigurativebe "stingy" with; be stinting with
    • vtoNreflexive.己German: "sich selber schonen", be unwilling to sacricifice oneself; spare oneself; be stingy with oneselfCH
    • vtoNreflexive.自German: "sich selber schonen", be unwilling to sacricifice oneself; be stingy with oneself
    吝  lìn OC: rins MC: lin 3 Attributions

    The negative quality of stinginess is lìn 吝 (ant. POST-BUDDHIST kāng kǎi 慷慨 "generous (with friends)", and in pre-Buddhist times the less exact huì 惠 "generous (to inferiors)").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 仁/BENEVOLENCE Rén 仁 (ant. cán 殘 "cruel" and perhaps ant.* rěn 忍 "be callous, unfeeling") which refers to kind-heartedness and deep human sensibility as a constitutive feature of man as a moral being, is the standard word since Confucius. [ETHICAL], [HIGH-DEGREE]
    • Assoc: 驕/ARROGANT The most current general word for arrogance of attitude and in behaviour is probably jiāo 驕 (ant.* bēi 卑 "humble in attitude") which refers to an overbearing exaggerated self-confidence and does not essentially involve a negative attitude towards others. [DISPOSITION], [GENERAL], [IMPERSONAL]

      Syntactic words
    • viactbe ungenerous (towards others)
    吝嗇  lìn sè MC: linH srik OC: rins srɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureparsimonyLZ
    薄  báo/bó MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Ant: 厚/GENEROUS Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "less than ample") refers to generosity of treatment which is not necessarily directed towards inferiors.

      Syntactic words
    • viactbe stingyCH
    儉  jiǎn OC: ɡromʔ MC: giɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebe petty; be overnice; be logically pedanticCH
    • vistativebe stingy with regard to oneself
    刻  kè MC: khok OC: khɯɯɡLZ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVstingilyLZ
    恡  lìn MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi=吝 be stingy; be tight-fistedCH
    愛惜  ài xī OC: qɯɯds sqaɡ MC: ʔəi siɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistingy
    儉吝  jiǎn lìn OC: ɡromʔ rins MC: giɛm lin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPistativebe stingy