SUBSTANCE  物質

THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
Antonym
  • FUNCTIONWhat something is USED FOR OR is PRODUCED FOR, OR NATURALLY WORKS FOR>TOWARDS.
    • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
      Hypernym
      See also
      Hyponym
      • ASH SUBSTANCE that REMAINS AFTER a THING is BURNT. 
        • SOOT ASH CONTAINED in SMOKE, OR BLACK SUBSTANCE ON INSIDE WALLS CHIMNEYS.
      • FOOD SUBSTANCE USED by CREATURES.
        • BAIT FOOD USED to ENTICE:seduce AND CATCH FISH.
        • SAUCE SPICY LIQUID PUT ON DRY FOOD.
        • SOUP LIQUID FOOD that CAN be said to be EATEN AND NOT ONLY DRUNK.
        • LIQUOR LIQUID FOOD CONTAINING ALCOHOL.
        • CAKE BAKED FOOD TYPICALLY CONTAINING YEAST AND EGGS.
        • BREAD FOOD PRODUCED USING FLOUR AND YEAST.
        • CHEESE FOOD PRODUCED USING MILK CURD.
        • HONEY SUGARY FOOD SUBSTANCE PRODUCED by BEES. []
        • DELICACY EXCELLENT SPECIAL FOOD.
        • SPICE SUBSTANCE ADDED to FOOD FOR CAUSING it to BECOME MORE SAVOURY.
        • BEVERAGE LIQUID FOOD.
      • LACQUER SUBSTANCE USED to CAUSE SURFACES TO BECOME INTENSELY SMOOTH AND TO RESEMBLE GLASS. []
        • METAL HARD INTENSELY HEAVY SUBSTANCE OFTEN USED FOR PRODUCING ARTEFACTS, TOOLS, AND WEAPONS. []
          • BRONZE METAL of COPPER AND TIN, SOMETIMES also WITH LEAD OR ZINK.
          • SILVER BRIGHT METAL [].
          • COPPER RED METAL USED in PRODUCING BRONZE. [Cu]
          • GOLD MOST EXPENSIVE SOFT METAL. []
          • IRON COMMON METAL USED FOR MAKING TOOLS. []
          • LEAD-METAL MOST HEAVY METAL. [Pb]
          • TIN COMMON METALS, USED FOR MAKING PLATES ETC. [CHEMISTRY] nearly approaching silver in whiteness and lustre, highly malleable and taking a high polish; used in the manufacture of articles of block tin, in the formation of alloys, as bronze, pewter, etc., and, on account of its resistance to oxidation, for making tin-plate and lining culinary and other iron vessels.
        • POISON SUBSTANCE which CAN INTENSELY HARM HUMANS OR ANIMALS.
          • SOIL SUBSTANCE ON the EARTH in which PLANTS GROW.
            • MUD INTENSELY MOIST SOIL.
            • DUST INTENSELY DRY SOIL in INTENSELY SMALL PIECES which CAN BE BLOWN at AND MOVED by WIND.
            • FURROW ROW of SOIL MOVED by a PLOUGH.
            • SAND FINE SOIL on SEA SHORES. []
          • STONE COMMON INTENSELY HARD SUBSTANCE in LANDSCAPE.
            • GRINDSTONE FLAT STONE USED FOR GRINDING.
            • WHETSTONE STONE USED FOR CAUSING KNIVES TO BECOME MORE SHARP ON.
            • TOMBSTONE STONE PUT on a TOMB.
            • ROCK INTENSELY BIG STONE.
            • PAVEMENT PATH ALONG a WAY.
            • PRECIOUS STONE VALUABLE SMALL STONE.
            • JADE HARD BRIGHT STONE USED FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTS. []
          • ENERGY ABSTRACT SUBSTANCE which CONTAINS a FORCE.
            • TIMBER SUBSTANCE OF the MAIN PART of TREES.
              • FIREWOOD SMALL TIMBER USED FOR BURNING IN STOVES.
              • STICK LONG, ROUND, STRAIGHT PIECE OF TIMBER....
              • BOARD FLAT TIMBER.
              • BEAM LARGE TIMBER USED TO BUILD BUILDINGS....
            • GREASE SUBSTANCE which is not MUSCLE AND CAUSES one to be FAT OR RESEMBLING SUBSTANCE PRODUCED USING ANIMALS OR PLANTS.
              • BUTTER GREASE PRODUCED USING COW MILK AND USED AS FOOD.
            • DRUG SUBSTANCE USED FOR CURING OR PREVENTING DISEASES.
              • PILL NOT LIQUID MEDICINE.
            • COAL BLACK SUBSTANCE PRODUCED USING TIMBER, AND USED FOR BURNING.
              • IVORY SUBSTANCE of LARGE ELEPHANT TEETH USED FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTS.
                • CINNABAR HEAVY REDDISH MINERAL SUBSTANCE the most important ore of mercury.
                  • RUBBISH DISCARDED SUBSTANCE OR THING.
                    • DREGS RUBBISH which SINKS to the BOTTOM of LIQUIDS RESEMBLING WINE ETC..
                  • COTTON WHITE SOFT SUBSTANCE RESEMBLING WOOL.
                    • GLASS COMMON HARD SUBSTANCE one CAN LOOK THROUGH which is OFTEN USED FOR WINDOWS.
                      • EXCREMENT SUBSTANCE consisting of what is excreted by humans of animals in defecation.
                        • MANURE EXCREMENT USED FOR FERTILISING.
                      • OIL A LIQUID which does NOT FREEZE, BURNS, AND does NOT MIX WITH WATER. []
                        • OINTMENT OIL USED FOR CAUSING SKIN TO BECOME SMOOTH.
                      • SMOKE AIRY SUBSTANCE CAUSED-TO RISE by FIRE.
                        • SOAP A SUBSTANCE USED FOR REMOVING DIRT WHEN WASHING.
                          • SUGAR INTENSELY COMMON SWEET SUBSTANCE OFTEN USED IN COOKING. [CHEMISTRY]
                            • TOBACCO The PLANT SUBSTANCE one BURNS AND SUCKS the SMOKE of FOR ENJOYMENT.
                              • LIQUID SUBSTANCE which CAN FLOW.
                                • BODY JUICES IMPORTANT LIQUID in the BODY....
                                • MILK LIQUID DEVELOPED IN the BREAST of FEMALES, which CAN NOURISH their CHILDREN.
                                • MOIST COVERED by or MIXED with LIQUID, TYPICALLY with WATER.
                                • WATER INTENSELY COMMON TRANSPARENT LIQUID LACKING TASTE which FILLS RIVERS AND the SEA....
                                • INK TYPICALLY BLACK LIQUID one USES TO WRITE OR PAINT with.
                                • TEA LIQUID FOR DRINKING PRODUCED USING HOT WATER AND LEAVES. []
                                • DROP OF LIQUID SMALL SPHERE OF LIQUID.
                                • VINEGAR COMMON SOUR LIQUID SPICE.
                                • JUICE LIQUID PRODUCED USING FRUIT, USED FOR DRINKING.
                              • GLUE A SUBSTANCE USED FOR CAUSING THINGS to be INTENSELY LINKED.
                                • PERFUME SUBSTANCE USED FOR PRODUCING BEAUTIFUL ODOURS.
                                  • GAS SUBSTANCE IN which THINGS CAN FLOAT AND FLY BUT NOT SWIM.
                                    • AIR GAS which FILLS SPACE ON EARTH. 
                                  • BODY TISSUE IMPORTANT NOT LIQUID SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY.
                                    • BONE INTENSELY HARD BODY TISSUE....
                                    • FLESH MUSCLES AND SINEWS of a ANIMAL OR HUMAN.
                                    • HAIR BODY-TISSUE which GROWS on SKIN, VISIBLY on the TOP of the HEAD of HUMANS, and OTHER PLACES....
                                    • HORN LONG BONES GROWING ON the HEADS of BOVINES AND OVINES ETC.
                                    • SKIN The COMPLEX BODY TISSUE which WRAPS the WHOLE BODY of HUMANS AND ANIMALS....
                                    • SINEW STRONG BODY TISSUE LINKING MUSCLES to BONES.
                                    • BRAIN SOFT BODY TISSUE INSIDE THE HEAD.
                                  Old Chinese Criteria
                                  1. The general term for substance as opposed to form or appearance is zhì 質, and this troubling term desperately need systematic investigation.

                                  2. Tǐ 體 is occasionally used to refer to the physical mass of something.

                                  3. Shí 實 sometimes refers to the real substance of a matter as opposed to insubstantial thinking about it, or attitudes.

                                  Modern Chinese Criteria
                                  物質





                                  rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /

                                  Words

                                    zhì OC: tjid MC: tɕit 18 AttributionsWD

                                  The general term for substance as opposed to form or appearance is zhì 質, and this troubling term desperately need systematic investigation.

                                    Word relations
                                  • Ant: 文/EMBELLISH
                                  • Ant: 貌/APPEARANCE Mào 貌 (ant. xīn 心 "real inner feelings") emphasises the merely external as less than indicative of what is inside, and this is the most general word. [GENERAL], [STATIC], [SUPERFICIAL]
                                  • Ant: 飾/ORNAMENT

                                    Syntactic words
                                  • nabmaterialsubstance; basis; material base
                                  • nabmetaphysicalthe very substance; substantial facts; real substance versus mere superficious embellishments or accomplishments
                                  • nabsemanticsemantic substance, substantive subject of discourseCH
                                  • viactbe all substance, pay attention only to substance
                                    tǐ OC: rʰiiʔ MC: thei 17 AttributionsWD

                                  Tǐ 體 is occasionally used to refer to the physical mass of something.

                                    Syntactic words
                                  • nthe physical mass (of Taishan); physical reality
                                  • nab[.post-N]substance
                                  • nabfigurativeessential substance, central point, essence (often contrasted to 用 'function' in the Buddhist context)
                                    shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 5 AttributionsWD

                                    Syntactic words
                                  • nabfigurativethe intellectual substance, the philosophical pointCH
                                  • nabmetaphysicalsubstantiveness, solidity
                                  • vibe substantial; be solid
                                    cái OC: sɡɯɯ MC: dzəi 2 AttributionsWD
                                    Syntactic words
                                  • nmdefinitethe given material; the material involvedDS
                                  • nmnonreferentialmaterial substance of any kind
                                  虛實  xū shí OC: qhla ɢljiɡ MC: hi̯ɤ ʑit 1 AttributionWD
                                    Syntactic words
                                  • NPabfeaturerelative substantialness rather than tenuousness
                                  骨相  gǔ xiàng OC: kuud sqaŋs MC: kuot si̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                                    Syntactic words
                                  • NPabfigurativebone feature > substance > essence, essential character (inner qualities)
                                  盈虛  yíng xū MC: yeng -- OC: leŋ qhlaCH 1 AttributionWD
                                    Syntactic words
                                  • NPabfeaturesubstantiveness or otherwiseCH
                                    xiàng MC: sjangH OC: sqaŋsLZ 1 AttributionWD
                                    Syntactic words
                                  • nabsubstance, material base, materialLZ
                                  性體  xìng tǐ OC: seŋs rʰiiʔ MC: siɛŋ thei 0 AttributionsWD
                                    Syntactic words
                                  • NPab[.post-N]metaphysicalone's substance

                                  Existing SW for

                                  Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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