PAIN    疼痛痛

DISTRESS CAUSED by a BAD SITUATION in one's BODY.
ACHEACHINGSORENESSTHROBTHROBBINGSTINGSTINGINGTWINGESHOOTING PAINSTABPANGCRAMPSDISCOMFORTIRRITATIONSUFFERINGAGONYTORTURETORMENTDISCOMFORT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The clearly dominant general word for physical pain is tòng 痛 (ant. shū 舒 "feel well" and wú yàng 無恙 "fail nothing"). NB: Curiously, it is hard to think of other common words for pain. Téng 疼 is post-Buddhist.
Modern Chinese Criteria
疼痛 is probably the most general and abstract modern word for any kind of pain. 苦痛 痛苦 傷痛 苦楚 痛楚 酸楚 苦處 痛處 苦頭 苦難 苦水 苦 切膚之痛 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • DELIGHTINTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y.
See also
  • ANGUISHDISTRESS AND LACK of HOPE for IMPROVEment. 
Hypernym
  • DISTRESS　FEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.31

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    PAIN

    cruciatus refers to any pang of pain, no matter whether of natural or artificial origin.

    tormentum refers to pangs of pain which are the result of tormenting action.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 133

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p. 32

    AFFLICTIO

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 8.1314

    SCHMERZ

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 124

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 336

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 328

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.256.213.

    DOULEUR.MAL

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.338

    • Words (8 items)

    痛  tòng OC: kh-looŋs MC: thuŋ 18 Attributions

    The clearly dominant general word for physical pain is tòng 痛 (ant. shū 舒 "feel well" and wú yàng 無恙 "fail nothing").

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 苦/BITTER The general word for bitterness is kǔ 苦 (ant. gān 甘 "sweet; tasty"), and this word is heavenly laden with metaphorical potentialities.
    • Assoc: 悲/SAD The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").
    • Assoc: 愁/SAD Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly.
    • Assoc: 苦/DISTRESS Kǔ 苦 and the much rarer xīn 辛 (ant. lè 樂 "be in a joyful state") refer to a lasting objective state of distress caused by identifiable external conditions.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychpain
    • vibe painful (part of the body)
    • vtoNfeel painful sympathy forCH
    • vtoNPab{S}feel pain at the fact that S
    • vtoNputativehave painful thoughts regardingCH
    惱  nǎo OC: nuuʔ MC: nɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychpain; psychological harm
    衋  xì MC: xik OC: -- 0 Attributions

    xì

      Syntactic words
    • virare: archaic/elevated: pained
    酷痛  kù tòng OC: khuuɡ kh-looŋs MC: khuok thuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychsevere pain
    斷腸  duàn cháng OC: doonʔ ɡrlaŋ MC: dʷɑn ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNpsychpainful
    怛  dá MC: tat OC: taad 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe painfulCH
    楚  chǔ OC: skhraʔ MC: ʈʂhi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • visuffer pain
    疼  téng OC: duuŋ MC: duo̝ŋ 0 Attributions

    NB: Curiously, it is hard to think of other common words for pain. Téng 疼 is post-Buddhist.

      Syntactic words
    • vipost-Han, YANSHIJIAXUN: feel pain