Additional information about 誚
說文解字: 【譙】，嬈譊也。从言、焦聲。讀若嚼。 【才肖切】 【誚】，古文譙从肖。 〔小徐本作「古文譙從言、肖。」〕 《周書》曰：亦未敢誚公。 〔小徐本「亦」上有「王」。〕
- Criteria
- BLAME
[ARCHAIC/CURRENT]
[DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]
[ELEVATED/FAMILIAR]
[FACE-TO-FACE/NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE]
[PRIVATE/PUBLIC]
1. The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
[ARCHAIC?], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE!], [PRIVATE]
2. Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly recounting and listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made.
[FACE-TO-FACE], [HIGH-DEGREE]
3. Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]
[FORMAL], [FACE-TO-FACE]
4. Ràng 讓 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [PUBLIC],
5. Qiào 誚 refers to a strong and often abusive public reprimand.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]]
5. Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".
[ARCHAIC+], [ELEVATED], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE]
6. Jí 疾 (ant. měi 美 "praise the splendid qualities of someone") refers to strong personal stricture.
[DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [INFORMAL]
7. Guò 過 (ant. yù 譽 ) typically refers to a mild and/or subjective moral disagreement with someone. See MISTAKE
[LOW-DEGREE], [MARGINAL]
- LAUGH
1. The clearly predominant word for smiling and laughing is xiào 笑 which refers to any laughter, loud or quiet, kind or unkind.
2. Chī 嗤 is almost onomatopoeic and refers to noisy derisive laughter, and the word is exceedingly rare, missing even in SHUOWEN.
3. The rare word shěn 哂 refers to a discreet, noiseless smile.
4. Qiào 誚 refers to ridiculing someone.
5. Jī 譏 refers to deliberate articulate satire including criticism.