UGLY    難看惡

BAD in APPEARANCE when SEEN.
UNATTRACTIVEUNAPPEALINGUNPLEASANTHIDEOUSUNLOVELYUNPREPOSSESSINGUNSIGHTLYHORRIBLEFRIGHTFULAWFULGHASTLYVILEREVOLTINGREPELLENTREPULSIVEREPUGNANTGROTESQUEDISGUSTINGMONSTROUSREPTILIANMISSHAPENDEFORMEDDISFIGUREDPLUG-UGLYBUTT-UGLYHOMELYPLAINNOT MUCH TO LOOK AT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current standard word for ugliness and despicability is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "attractive"). 2. Chǒu 醜 (ant. hǎo 好 "handsome") refers specifically to physical unsightliness and does not necessarily connote a general negative judgment on what is unsightly. 3. Chī 蚩 / 媸 (ant. yán 妍 "attractive") refers primarily to the ugliness of human faces, but the word also has more general and abstract uses where it refers to anything unsightly.
Modern Chinese Criteria
難看 醜陋 寒磣 猥瑣 寢陋 貌寢 醜 陋 其貌不揚 面目可憎 齜牙咧嘴 賊眉鼠眼 獐頭鼠目 蓬頭厲齒 見不得人 三分像人七分像鬼 醜八怪 夜叉 羅剎 無鹽 嫫母 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • HORRIBLE　INTESNELY UGLY AND FRIGHTENING (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Antonym
Hypernym
  • BAD　The FEATURE of being NOT EXCELLENT OR GOOD. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.82

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 55

    DEFORMIS, TURPIS

    139. Inter Deformem et turpem. Deformis ad corpus pertinet. Turpis ad animum.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    UGLY

    teter is the ugliness which disturbs one's feeling of security and excites fear or shuddering, like "hideous, shocking".

    foedus refers to that which offends natural feelings and excites loathing and aversion.

    turpis refers to that which offends one's moral feeling or sense of decency and excites disapprobation and contempt.

    deformis refers to that which offends aesthetic sensibilities and excites sophisticated aesthetic dislike.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    TURPITUDO

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 304

  • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 18

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Rhetorik ( UEDING 1992ff) p. 3.1304

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 3.25

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.89:62

    DIFFORMITE.LAIDEUR

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no. 43

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

    BEAUTY AND UGLINESS

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 51B

    • Words (13 items)

    惡  è OC: qaaɡ MC: ʔɑk 24 Attributions

    The current standard word for ugliness and despicability is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "attractive")

      Word relations
    • Ant: 姣 / 佼/SEXY Jiǎo 姣 (also applied to men) and jiāo 嬌 are less dramatic than yàn 艷 and refers to personal charm as well beauty as such.
    • Ant: 美 / 媄 / 媺/BEAUTIFUL The general word is měi 美 "handsome and admirable" (ant. è 惡 "ugly") which refers to anything concrete or abstract which is attractive or handsome in a dignified way, and the word often retains its primary culinary sense of "tasty". [GENERAL], [GRADED]; [[COMMON]]
    • Assoc: 醜/UGLY Chǒu 醜 (ant. hǎo 好 "handsome") refers specifically to physical unsightliness and does not necessarily connote a general negative judgment on what is unsightly.
    • Synon: 醜/UGLY Chǒu 醜 (ant. hǎo 好 "handsome") refers specifically to physical unsightliness and does not necessarily connote a general negative judgment on what is unsightly.

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativeugliness
    • nccsubjectwhat is ugly
    • v[adN]figurativewhat is morally ugly; disgusting things
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthe bad
    • vadNugly; nasty (e.g. disease)
    • vadNfigurativenon-visually ugly
    • vibe ugly; be in terribly bad shape
    • vtoNcausativecause to be ugly, ensure that (something) is of low quality
    • vtoNputativeconsider as ugly; dislike
    • vtoNputative.reflex.自regard (oneself) as ugly
    醜  chǒu OC: khljuʔ MC: tɕhɨu 9 Attributions

    Chǒu 醜 (ant. hǎo 好 "handsome") refers specifically to physical unsightliness and does not necessarily connote a general negative judgment on what is unsightly.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 好/BEAUTIFUL Hǎo 好 "comely, handsome" (ant. chǒu 醜"ugly") refers indiscriminately to men and women, but the word is sometimes more general in application and refers more abstractly to attractive words or even moral qualities. [HUMAN!], [NATURAL], [VISUAL]
    • Ant: 美 / 媄 / 媺/BEAUTIFUL The general word is měi 美 "handsome and admirable" (ant. è 惡 "ugly") which refers to anything concrete or abstract which is attractive or handsome in a dignified way, and the word often retains its primary culinary sense of "tasty". [GENERAL], [GRADED]; [[COMMON]]
    • Assoc: 惡/UGLY The current standard word for ugliness and despicability is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "attractive")
    • Assoc: 陋/VULGAR Jiàn 賤 (ant. shàn 善 "good" and also, along different lines guì 貴 "noble") refers 1. to noble status and 2. very negatively to a person or a piece of behaviour as not conforming to any demands set by nobility of purpose or status. Lòu 陋 (ant. huá 華 "elaborate and cultivated") refers to vulgarity as a negative feature of places (streets) or behaviour.
    • Synon: 惡/UGLY The current standard word for ugliness and despicability is è 惡 (ant. měi 美 "attractive")

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturephysical ugliness
    • nabfigurativeturpitude; deficiency, insignificanceCH
    • vadNphysically ugly
    • vibe ugly
    • vifigurativebe morally unattractive
    醜惡  chǒu è OC: khljuʔ qaaɡ MC: tɕhɨu ʔɑk 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe quite ugly, be thoroughly ugly
    蚩  chī OC: khljɯ MC: tɕhɨ 3 Attributions

    Chī 蚩/媸 (ant. yán 妍 "attractive") refers primarily to the ugliness of human faces, but the word also has more general and abstract uses where it refers to anything unsightly.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureuglinessCH
    • v[adN]the ugy, what is uglyCH
    • viugly to look at
    醜陋  chǒu lòu OC: khljuʔ roos MC: tɕhɨu lu 3 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • VPadNugly and vulgar
    • VPibe ugly and vulgar
    粗惡  cū è OC: skhaa qaaɡ MC: tshuo̝ ʔɑk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPicoarse and ugly
    醜穢  chǒu huì OC: khljuʔ qʷads MC: tɕhɨu ʔi̯ɐi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe dirty and ugly
    垢醜  gòu chǒu OC: kooʔ khljuʔ MC: ku tɕhɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe filthy and ugly
    惡者  è zhě OC: qaaɡ kljaʔ MC: ʔɑk tɕɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureugliness; (or in the spirit of Plato: the ugly)
    不調  bù tiáo MC: pjut dew OC: pɯʔ dɯɯw 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe out of tune, be ill-tunedCH
    叵看  pǒ kàn OC: phaalʔ khaans MC: phʷɑ khɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPipǒkàn: ugly
    媸  chī OC: khljɯ MC: tɕhɨ 0 Attributions

    Chī 蚩/媸 (ant. yán 妍 "attractive") refers primarily to the ugliness of human faces, but the word also has more general and abstract uses where it refers to anything unsightly.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe ugly to look at (see 蚩)
    寢  qǐn OC: skhimʔ MC: tshim
    寢沁侵  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC:
    寢沁侵  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe physically ugly?? ??? ???? ???