UNTIL  一直到及

WHILE:during a PERIOD ENDING at a DEFINED TIME.
Hypernym
  • WHILEDURING the PERIOD WHEN S. GRAMMAR[]
    • PERIODTIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS.
      • TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current and most general word for "until" is zhì 至.

2. Jí 及 is in fact not very common in early texts.

3. Dào 到 is a colourless abstract word for "until" which became current only in Han times.

4. Qì 迄 is an archaic and poetic word for until that became obsolete by Han times.

Modern Chinese Criteria
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 453©

    Ad

    nota termini, quo res tendit 1. seu loci, 2. seu temporis, 3. seu mensurae respectu.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    UNTIL

    adhuc refers to the time up to this moment.

    hactenus and hucusque are local and refer to the place up to which something is so.

Attributions by syntactic funtion

  • vt0oN.adS : 27
  • vt0oN.postadV : 6
  • vt0oN1:post-.Vt'0oN2:.adS : 6
  • VPt0oS1.postS2 : 6
  • vt[0]oN.postadV : 5
  • VPt0oN1.post-:Vt0oN2:.adS : 5
  • VPt0oN.adS : 4
  • VPt0+prep+N1.post-:vtoN2:.adS : 3
  • vt0oS1post.Vt0oS2 : 3
  • vt0oN.adV : 3
  • VPtoN.adS : 2
  • vt0.+prep+N:adV : 2
  • vt0oNPab{S}.adS : 2
  • VPt+prep+N.adV : 1
  • VPt+N.adS : 1
  • VPt[0]oN.postadV : 1
  • vt01+prep+N1.postVt02+N2:adS : 1
  • VPt0oN1:post-.Vt0oN2:.adS : 1

Attributions by text

  • 春秋左傳 : 25
  • 祖堂集 : 9
  • 百喻經 : 7
  • 韓非子 : 6
  • 論衡 : 4
  • 荀子 : 3
  • 莊子 : 3
  • 搜神記 : 2
  • 論語 : 2
  • 管子 : 2
  • 賢愚經 : 2
  • 孟子 : 2
  • 史記 : 2
  • 六祖壇經 : 2
  • 古列女傳 : 2
  • 說苑 : 1
  • 禮記 : 1
  • 鹽鐵論 : 1
  • 臨濟錄 : 1
  • 戰國策 : 1
  • 楚辭 : 1

Words

及  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 29 AttributionsWD

Jí 及 "until" is in fact not very common in early texts

    Syntactic words
  • vt0oN.adSit reaches a time of (so-and-so many years)
  • vt0oN1:post-.Vt'0oN2:.adSuntil (place or time); by the time of CHECK EXAMPLES ETC
  • vt0oS1post.Vt0oS2until
  • vt[0]oN.postadVupto, down to (a place) 入及，侵及
至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 18 AttributionsWD

The most current and most general word for "until"

    Syntactic words
  • vt0+prep+N.postadVuntil; upto
  • vt01+prep+N1.postVt02+N2:adSuntil; to 由。。。至於
  • vt0oN.adSuntil
  • vt0oN.adVuntil
  • vt0oN.postadVuntil
  • vt0oN1.post-N2:adSuntil
乃至  nǎi zhì OC: nɯɯʔ kljiɡs MC: nəi tɕi 8 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt+N.adS(even) when it came to N,...
  • VPt+prep+N.adVuntil
  • VPt0oS1.postS2to the point when S, to the point of S happening
以至  yǐ zhì OC: k-lɯʔ kljiɡs MC: jɨ tɕi 8 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VP0adS1.postS2do S2 until it comes to S1
  • VPt0+prep+N1.post-:vtoN2:.adSN=timefrom the time N2 until the time N1
  • VPt0oN1.post-:Vt0oN2:.adSfrom N1 until N2 自從。。。至於
到  dào OC: k-laaws MC: tɑu 4 AttributionsWD

Dào 到 is a colourless abstract word for "until" which became current only in Han times.

    Syntactic words
  • vt0.+prep+N:adVtimedown to, until
  • vt0oN.adSuntil
  • vt[0]oN.postadVN=placeuntil the place N
直至  zhí zhì OC: dɯɡ kljiɡs MC: ɖɨk tɕi 4 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oN.adScoverb: right until; exactly from the time onwards
迨  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vt0oNPab{S}.adSuntil; when
至于  zhì yú OC: kljiɡs ɢʷra MC: tɕi ɦi̯o 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoN.adSuntil
迄  qì OC: qhɯd MC: hɨt 1 AttributionWD

Qì 迄 is an archaic and poetic word for until that became obsolete by Han times.

    Syntactic words
  • vt0.+prep+N:adVuntil SHI 以迄於今; CC 迄乎今兮
  • vt0oN.adSuntil
逮  dài OC: ɡ-lɯɯds MC: dəi 1 AttributionWD

    Word relations
  • Synon: 及/UNTIL Jí 及 "until" is in fact not very common in early texts

    Syntactic words
  • vt0oN1:post-.Vt'0oN2:.adSuntil; down to (such and such a person)
及至  jí zhì OC: ɡrɯb kljiɡs MC: gip tɕi 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oN1:post-.Vt0oN2:.adSfrom N2 until N1
遂至  suì zhì OC: sɢluds kljiɡs MC: zi tɕi 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt[0]oN.postadVthis V-ing lasting until> until

Existing SW for

Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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