PERSONALLY 親自自
ACTING ONESELF.
FOR MY PARTFOR MYSELFTO MY WAY OF THINKINGTO MY MINDIN MY ESTIMATIONAS FAR AS I AM CONCERNEDIN MY VIEW/OPINIONFROM MY POINT OF VIEWFROM WHERE I STANDAS I SEE ITIF YOU ASK MEMY SENSE ISFOR MY MONEYIN MY BOOKPRIVATELY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for doing something personally is zì 自 (ant.* rén 人 "others").
2. Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.
3. Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned.
4. Qiè 竊 is very often used in polite formal discourse to indicate subjectiveness of attitudes that are being submitted to a superior. Thus this word is highly limited in application and somewhat marginal in the group.
5. Shēn 身 "in person" hovers between an adverbial and a nominal function and is sometimes hard to distinguish from the meaning "himself" classified under SELF, which is common in contrastive in parallelistic constructions.
2. Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.
3. Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned.
4. Qiè 竊 is very often used in polite formal discourse to indicate subjectiveness of attitudes that are being submitted to a superior. Thus this word is highly limited in application and somewhat marginal in the group.
5. Shēn 身 "in person" hovers between an adverbial and a nominal function and is sometimes hard to distinguish from the meaning "himself" classified under SELF, which is common in contrastive in parallelistic constructions.
Modern Chinese Criteria
親自
親身
切身
躬親
親
躬
親手
手
親口
親眼
親耳
親筆
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
親身
切身
躬親
親
躬
親手
手
親口
親眼
親耳
親筆
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
310
Words
自 zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 80 AttributionsWD
The current word for doing something personally is zì 自 (ant.* rén 人"others").
- Word relations
- Synon: 親/PERSONALLY
Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.
- Syntactic words
- npro.adVon one's own accord; oneself, in person; by oneself (Perhaps this should be npro V[PRED]. I do not know how one would argue one way or the other.]
- npro.adVfor oneselfV for oneself
- npro:+vt.+QI2adN自V其N
親 qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 41 AttributionsWD
Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 身/SELF
Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent. - Synon: 自/PERSONALLY
The current word for doing something personally is zì 自 (ant.* rén 人"others"). - Synon: 躬/PERSONALLY
Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned.
- Syntactic words
- vadVpersonally, in person
- viacttake personal action
- vtoNshow personal concern for
身 shēn OC: qhjin MC: ɕin 29 AttributionsWD
Shēn 身 "in person" hovers between an adverbial and a nominal function and is often contrastive in parallelistic constructions.
- Word relations
- Oppos: 施/DISTRIBUTE
Shī 施 is to give away to a general group of recipients, and as an act of generosity.
- Syntactic words
- nadVin person, himself
- npro.+Vt+None's personal N (=自VERB其N)?CH
- viactact personally, take personal action; get personally involved in things
躬 gōng OC: kʷɯŋ MC: kuŋ 23 AttributionsWD
Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned.
- Word relations
- Synon: 親/PERSONALLY
Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.
- Syntactic words
- nadNX himself/herself; in person
- nadVpersonally; in person
- viacttake personal action
- vtoNtake personal care of
以身 yǐ shēn MC: yiX syin OC: k-lɯʔ qhjinCH 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVin person; personally; face-to-faceCH
- VPadVderivedwith personal engagement; at the risk of one's own lifeCH
身自 shēn zì OC: qhjin sblids MC: ɕin dzi 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin person, personally and not as represented by anyone else
躬親 gōng qīn OC: kʷɯŋ tshiŋ MC: kuŋ tshin 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab.adVthrough personal action> through personal example
- VPadVpersonally, in person
- VPiactattend to things personally
- VPtoNattend to personally
親自 qīn zì OC: tshiŋ sblids MC: tshin dzi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin person
內自 nèi zì OC: nuubs sblids MC: nuo̝i dzi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVpersonally within oneself
躬自 gōng zì OC: kʷɯŋ sblids MC: kuŋ dzi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpro.adVhim/herself; in person
- NPpro0.adVoneself, personally, in one's personal behaviour
竊 qiè OC: tsheed MC: tshet 1 AttributionWD
Qiè 竊 is very often used in polite formal discourse to indicate subjectiveness of attitudes that are being submitted to a superior. Thus this word is highly limited in application and somewhat marginal in the group.
- Syntactic words
- vadVin polite speech, and referring only to subjective verbs when used in formal contexts: personally
- vt[0] V[0]I flatter myself that I V; I take the liberty to V;CH
蓋 gài OC: kaabs MC: kɑi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padSmarker of a politely and humbly personal statement
其身 qí shēn OC: ɡɯ qhjin MC: gɨ ɕin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVpersonally (emphatic?? ???)
手自 shǒu zì OC: hmljuʔ sblids MC: ɕɨu dzi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVwith his own hands
自親 zì qīn OC: sblids tshiŋ MC: dzi tshin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVin person
- VPtoNdeal with personally
躬身 gōng shēn OC: kʷɯŋ qhjin MC: kuŋ ɕin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin person
私自 sī zì OC: sil sblids MC: si dzi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVpersonally
親近 qīn jìn OC: tshiŋ ɡɯns MC: tshin gɨn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVpersonally
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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