ARRIVE    抵達至

REACH a PLACE one was INTENDING to GO-TO. [NB: THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN ARRIVE AND REACH ARE NOT PROPERLY IMPLEMENTED IN THE ATTRIBUTIONS. CHECK THESE!]
Old Chinese Criteria
[ACTIVITY/STATE] [COMMON/RARE] [DIFFICULT/EASY] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [PROCESS/RESULT] 1. The general current word is zhì 至, and the word refers to the process of going somewhere with the final result (sometimes achieved with difficulty) of getting there. [GENERAL]; [COMMON] 2. Dào 到 refers specifically to the reaching of a destination with no recognisable tendency to focus on the difficulty of getting there. [LITERAL]; [RARE] 3. Jí 及 refers to the point of literal arrival, but the word is in practice often hard to distinguish in meaning from zhì 至. [LITERAL]; [COMMON] 4. Zhì 致 "reach as far as" sometimes emphasises the difficulty of the task of reaching, but this word too is often hard to distinguish in meaning from 至 as defined above when it means "arrive". [DIFFICULT!], [PROCESS!] 5. Tōng 通 emphasises the absence of impediments or hindrances in the passage towards a certain place and it refers to the general ability to get through. [STATE] 6. Dá 達 is the result of tōng 通 "having unimpeded access to" and describes the successful arrival at a destination. [RESULT] 7. Dǐ 抵 emphasises the arriving as the end of a complete itininerary with a beginning and an end. [PROCESS]
Modern Chinese Criteria
到 到達 抵達 達到 進抵 達 抵 至 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • COME　ARRIVE at the PLACE NEAR the SPEAKER OR NEAR to a HUMAN whom the SPEAKER is MAINLY THINKING of. (anc: 15/0, child: 1)
Antonym
  • GO ASTRAYWALK so as to BECOME CONFUSED IN-RELATION-TO the WAY one DESIRES to FOLLOW.
  • LEAVEMOVE so as to CEASE to BE-IN a PLACE.
See also
  • REACHAPPROACH so as to BECOME:come to be IN A CERTAIN PLACE.
  • REACHAPPROACH so as to BECOME:come to be IN A CERTAIN PLACE.
Hypernym
  • REACH　APPROACH so as to BECOME:come to be IN A CERTAIN PLACE. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
  • APPROACH　WALK so as to BECOME NEAR to something. (anc: 12/0, child: 1)
  • WALK　MOVE across the FLOOR>ground USING one's LEGS. (anc: 11/0, child: 16)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 10.55

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 7

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 116

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1435

    通，達

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 70

    1. WL claim that da4o 到 never has an omitted object. This is not borne out by the fact.

    2. There is a wide range of syntactic and semantic distinctions between da4o 到 and zhi4 至 which WL fails to note.

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 82

    • Words (19 items)

    至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 144 Attributions

    The general current word is zhì 至, and the word refers to the process of going somewhere with the final result (sometimes achieved with difficulty) of getting there. [GENERAL]; [COMMON]

      Word relations
    • Synon: 就/GO TO Jiù 就 (ant. qù 去 "leave") and the somewhat rarer jí 即 (ant. lí 離 "leave") refer to approaching a certain destination by any means of transport.
    • Synon: 到/ARRIVE Dào 到 refers specifically to the reaching of a destination with no recognisable tendency to focus on the difficulty of getting there. [LITERAL]; [RARE]

      Syntactic words
    • vifigurative(e.g. of the night) come, arrive
    • vt(oN)arrive on the scene; turn up; move in to take action; come to join
    • vt(oN)arrive at the contextually determinate place NCH
    • vt(oN)subj=nonhumanto reach (a contextually determinate stage or place)
    • vt+prep+N.postadVto the place N
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativearrive at (an intellectual point)
    • vt+prep+Nperfectivearrive at, turn up; get to (a place);
    • vt+V[0]go so far as to VP, get to the point of; approach the ultimate point.
    • vt[oN]arrive at one's goal; arrive at the place where the speaker is
    • vtoNperfectivearrive at, turn up at; get to (a place); abstract: advance to the position of; attain to
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2cause N1 to reach as far as N2
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2causativeto cause something contextually determinate N1 to reach (somebody N2); to extend something contextually determinate N1 (to somebody N2)
    及  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 121 Attributions

    Jí 及 refers to the point of literal arrival, but the word is in practice often hard to distinguish in meaning from zhì 至. [LITERAL]; [COMMON]

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nget as far as
    • vt+V[0]figurativeget to the point of V-ing
    • vt[0]oN.postadVuntil, upto (a place)
    • vt[oN]arrive at places one intends to goLZ
    • vtoNarrive at (a place); surprisingly often introducing subjectless subordinate temporal clause as a vtadS: (when the subject) got to (a place); get as far as; get close to, get close enough to
    • vtoNfigurativeget to (a predicament) [see REACH]
    • vtoNN=physicalreach physically, get in touch with; get as far as (of physical objects rather than persons)
    來至  lái zhì OC: m-rɯɯ kljiɡs MC: ləi tɕi 30 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)resultativecome to the contextually determinate place
    • VPt[oN]come here; come to one
    • VPt[oN]figurativecome to one
    • VPtoNresultativearrive at (a place); come to (a place)
    到  dào OC: k-laaws MC: tɑu 25 Attributions

    Dào 到 refers specifically to the reaching of a destination with no recognisable tendency to focus on the difficulty of getting there. [LITERAL]; [RARE]

      Word relations
    • Synon: 至/ARRIVE The general current word is zhì 至, and the word refers to the process of going somewhere with the final result (sometimes achieved with difficulty) of getting there. [GENERAL]; [COMMON]

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)arrive at the determinate place
    • vt+prep+Narrive
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativeget to
    • vt[oN](of a time) arrive
    • vtoNmainly Han: arrive at, come to
    致  zhì OC: k-liɡs MC: ʈi 14 Attributions

    Zhì 致 sometimes emphasises the difficulty of the task of reaching, but this word too is often hard to distinguish in meaning from 至 as defined above when it means "arrive". [DIFFICULT!], [PROCESS!]

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)get to the contextually determinate place
    • vt+prep+Nreach as far as
    • vt[oN]= 至, arriveLZ
    • vtoNperfectivemanage to reach, manage to get to 致遠"manage to get a long way"
    • vttoN1.+N2causativecause (someone N1) to arrive at or go to (a place N2)
    通  tōng OC: kh-looŋ MC: thuŋ 5 Attributions

    Tōng 通 emphasises the absence of impediments or hindrances in the passage towards a certain place and it refers to the general ability to get through. [PROCESS]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 達/ARRIVE Dá 達 is the result of tōng 通 "having unimpeded access to" and describes the successful arrival at a destination. [RESULT]

      Syntactic words
    • viget through (of a way, as opposed to sè 塞 "be blocked");
    • vt(oN)get through to a contextually determinate place
    • vtoNcausativecause to arrive, cause to get through; allow to pass through
    達  dá OC: daad MC: dɑt 5 Attributions

    Dá 達 is the result of tōng 通 "having unimpeded access to" and describes the successful arrival at a destination. [RESULT]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 通/ARRIVE Tōng 通 emphasises the absence of impediments or hindrances in the passage towards a certain place and it refers to the general ability to get through. [PROCESS]

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nperfectiveget through to (a place); reach (a place)
    • vtoNfigurativeattain to
    • vtoNperfectiveget through to
    臨  lín OC: b-rɯm MC: lim 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oN.adSwhen it comes to the time of N
    • vtoNcome along toCH
    抵  dǐ OC: tiilʔ MC: tei 4 Attributions

    Dǐ 抵 emphasises the arriving as the end of a complete itininerary with a beginning and an end. [PROCESS]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNget to[sometimes also involuntary 'arrival' 'bang (one's head)' ][CA]
    • vtoNfigurativereach; get to produce
    臻  zhēn OC: tsrin MC: ʈʂin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]arrive, reach
    附  fù OC: bos MC: bi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]arrive
    噬  shì OC: djads MC: dʑiɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oSreach; come to (according to Karlgren this is a loan character) ????
    新到  xīn dào OC: siŋ k-laaws MC: sin tɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]the one who newly arrived > newcomer
    去至  qù zhì OC: khas kljiɡs MC: khi̯ɤ tɕi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNgo to
    放  fàng MC: pjangH OC: paŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+NN=placearrive? 趙注: 放，至也。
    及到  jí dào OC: ɡrɯb k-laaws MC: gip tɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN](e.g. of opportunities etc) arrive, come up
    遂  suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)actarrive successfully
    屆  jiè OC: krɯɯds MC: kɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)omarrive (at a contextually determinate place)
    暢  chàng OC: khrlaŋs MC: ʈhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNpenetrating, hence: unimpeded
    • vtoNpenetrate to