APPROPRIATE 適宜宜
EXCELLENT in a DEFINED SITUATION OR FOR a DEFINED NEED.
SUITABLEPROPERFITTINGAPTRIGHTRELEVANTPERTINENTAPPOSITECONVENIENTOPPORTUNESEEMLYBEFITTING
Antonym
- BADThe FEATURE of being NOT EXCELLENT OR GOOD.
Hypernym
- EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
See also
- TRUEEXIST CONFORMing to SPEAK(what is claimed). (BE AS SAID(asserted))[[NB: the subject of this syntactic predicate is the situation identified in the "sentence" of which this syntactic predicate is predicated. "God made Heaven and Earth" is TRUE iff the situation identified in this sentence (the creation of Heaven and Earth by God) EXISTS(i.e. occurred).]
- DUTYACTS which are MORALLY APPROPRIATE for someone in a DEFINED SITUATION.
Hyponym
- CORRECT APPROPRIATE so as to FIT the FACTS or the PRINCIPLES PERFECTLY.
- DESERVE Be APPROPRIATE:fitting to RECEIVE a certain PROFIT, DAMAGE:harm, REWARD, OR PUNISHMENT.
- RIGHT What one DESERVES AND CAN DEMAND BECAUSE of LAW OR JUSTICE.
- IMPORTANT APPROPRIATE to CAUSE ATTENTION OR RESPECT.
- NOBLE IMPORTANT BECAUSE of RANK OR MORAL WISDOM....
- URGENT IMPORTANT AND NEEDING QUICK REACTION.
- GENUINE IMPORTANT AND NOT FAKED.
- STATUS ROLE in a GROUP OR in a SOCIETY.
- EXISTENTIAL Be IN-RELATION-TO IMPORTANT PROBLEMS OF LIFE AND DEATH.
- INTERESTING IMPORTANT so as to CAUSE one to DESIRE to KNOW OR SEE MORE of it.
- SUMMARY INTERESTING OR IMPORTANT PARTS of a COMPLEX ACCUMULATION OF SENTENCES.
- SHOULD Be APPROPRIATE for a HUMAN to ACT:do something DEFINITE.
- RESPONSIBILITY ENDURING SHOULD:obligation TO ACT CONFORMING to certain RULES.
- OWE SHOULD:to have an obligation to PAY someone MONEY.
- SHOULD NOT APPROPRIATENESS for someone NOT to ACT in a certain way.
- CONVENIENT APPROPRIATE FOR DEFINED DESIRES OR NEEDS.
- ORDERLY APPROPRIATE as to how the MANY PARTS of something SHOULD BE.
- PEACEFUL DELIGHTFUL BECAUSE ORDERLY AND LACKING CHAOS....
- ODERLY-CAUS CAUSE TO BECOME ORDERLY
- FIT APPROPRIATE TO BE-IN A CERTAIN PLACE OR SITUATION
Old Chinese Criteria
[DYNAMIC/STATIC]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[LASTING/TRANSITORY]
[OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE]
1. The current general word for appropriateness of any kind is yí 宜 (ant.* fáng 妨 "contravene standards, be inappropriate").
[GENERAL]
2. Kě 可 refers primarily to what is subjectively or interpersonally-subjectively i.e. socially acceptable.
[SUBJECTIVE]
3. Shì 是 (ant. fēi 非 "what does not deserve intellectual or moral approval") refers primarily to what is right and deserving of intellectual and/or moral approval.
[MORAL]
4. Shì 適 and dàng 當 (both ant. guāi 乖 "in conflict with certain prevailing circumstances") refer to what is objectively fitting in certain circumstances.
[OBJECTIVE], [TRANSITORY]
5. Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "in conflict with the natural flow of events") refers to action that fits naturally and painlessly into a certain flow of events or into a certain constellation.
[DYNAMIC]
6. Qí 其 is a modal particle indicating weakly and abstractly that something should probably be done or happen. The word is thus marginal in this group. See SHOULD
[padV]
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]
[LASTING/TRANSITORY]
[OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE]
1. The current general word for appropriateness of any kind is yí 宜 (ant.* fáng 妨 "contravene standards, be inappropriate").
[GENERAL]
2. Kě 可 refers primarily to what is subjectively or interpersonally-subjectively i.e. socially acceptable.
[SUBJECTIVE]
3. Shì 是 (ant. fēi 非 "what does not deserve intellectual or moral approval") refers primarily to what is right and deserving of intellectual and/or moral approval.
[MORAL]
4. Shì 適 and dàng 當 (both ant. guāi 乖 "in conflict with certain prevailing circumstances") refer to what is objectively fitting in certain circumstances.
[OBJECTIVE], [TRANSITORY]
5. Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "in conflict with the natural flow of events") refers to action that fits naturally and painlessly into a certain flow of events or into a certain constellation.
[DYNAMIC]
6. Qí 其 is a modal particle indicating weakly and abstractly that something should probably be done or happen. The word is thus marginal in this group. See SHOULD
[padV]
Modern Chinese Criteria
適宜
合適
適合
恰當
適當
得當
切當
允當
確當
精當
相當
的當
愜當
適宜
合宜
相宜
得宜
正好
確切
妥切
貼切
妥帖
熨帖
平妥
對頭
對路
得體
對勁 (coll) can refer to something being (pleasingly) normal.
方便
適度
合度
適量
適中
妥為 "properly"
恰
宜
當
適
有分寸
恰如其分
恰到好處
適可而止
哀而不傷 (prov) refers proverbially to lack of excess.
不為已甚
在刀口上
至當不易
初寫黃庭
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
合適
適合
恰當
適當
得當
切當
允當
確當
精當
相當
的當
愜當
適宜
合宜
相宜
得宜
正好
確切
妥切
貼切
妥帖
熨帖
平妥
對頭
對路
得體
對勁 (coll) can refer to something being (pleasingly) normal.
方便
適度
合度
適量
適中
妥為 "properly"
恰
宜
當
適
有分寸
恰如其分
恰到好處
適可而止
哀而不傷 (prov) refers proverbially to lack of excess.
不為已甚
在刀口上
至當不易
初寫黃庭
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Old Chinese Contrasts
1. Acceptability or appropriateness may be primarily construed as a feature inherent in things as such (shì 是 ), or it may be construed as a feature attributed subjectively by a judge (kě 可 ).
2. Acceptability or appropriateness may be primarily construed as constituted by a voluntary act of acceptance (kě 可 ), or it may be primarily construed as constituted by an inherent feature of whatever is said to be acceptable (shì 是 ).
3. Acceptability or appropriateness may be construed as essentially context-free and permanent (shì 是 ), or it may be construed as primarily contextual and tied to a certain temporal or logical environment (kě 可 ).
4. When used in putative senses, the acceptance may be performative ( 洍 hereby approve �, kě 可 ), or it may be ordinarily descriptive ( 洍 consider as right � shì 是 ).
5. Some words primarily describe a physical fit (dāng 當 (See however dàng 當 TRUE), shì 適 ); other words are primarily abstract (yí 宜, shì 是, kě 可 ).
6. Some words are highly restricted and grammaticalised (qí 其 ) and refer to the appropriateness of actions. jiang
2. Acceptability or appropriateness may be primarily construed as constituted by a voluntary act of acceptance (kě 可 ), or it may be primarily construed as constituted by an inherent feature of whatever is said to be acceptable (shì 是 ).
3. Acceptability or appropriateness may be construed as essentially context-free and permanent (shì 是 ), or it may be construed as primarily contextual and tied to a certain temporal or logical environment (kě 可 ).
4. When used in putative senses, the acceptance may be performative ( 洍 hereby approve �, kě 可 ), or it may be ordinarily descriptive ( 洍 consider as right � shì 是 ).
5. Some words primarily describe a physical fit (dāng 當 (See however dàng 當 TRUE), shì 適 ); other words are primarily abstract (yí 宜, shì 是, kě 可 ).
6. Some words are highly restricted and grammaticalised (qí 其 ) and refer to the appropriateness of actions. jiang
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
9.943 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
APPROPRIATE
idoneus refers to the passive appropriateness of a thing to be used in a certain way.
aptus refers to the actively construed aptness or fitness of a person or a thing to perform a certain task.
- Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
299 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
8.1036 RICHTIGKEIT
- A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
NO.179
Attributions by syntactic funtion
Attributions by text
- 荀子 : 91
- 韓非子 : 68
- 春秋左傳 : 53
- 說苑 : 28
- 孟子 : 28
- 呂氏春秋 : 25
- 論語 : 24
- 淮南子 : 9
- 毛詩 : 9
- 孝經 : 7
- 莊子 : 7
- 陸機集十一卷 : 6
- 法言 : 5
- 妙法蓮華經 : 5
- 阮籍集四卷 : 4
- 論衡 : 4
- 管子 : 4
- 史記 : 3
- 公孫龍子 : 3
- 禮記 : 3
- 春秋穀梁傳 : 3
- 逸周書 : 3
- 搜神記 : 2
- 類說 : 2
- 太平經 : 2
- 法句經 : 2
- 長短經 : 2
- 韓詩外傳 : 2
- 墨子 : 1
- 尹文子 : 1
- 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
- 王羲之集二卷 : 1
- 全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文（全晉文） : 1
- 鹽鐵論 : 1
- 賢愚經 : 1
- 臨濟錄 : 1
- 六祖壇經 : 1
- 文子 : 1
- 人物志三卷 : 1
Words
宜 yí OC: ŋɡral MC: ŋiɛ 75 AttributionsWD
The current general word for appropriateness of any kind is yí 宜 (ant.* fáng 妨 "contravene standards, be inappropriate"). [GENERAL]
- Word relations
- Contrast: 便/APPROPRIATE
- Contrast: 當/APPROPRIATE
Shì 適 and dàng 當 (both ant. guāi 乖 "in conflict with certain prevailing circumstances") refer to what is objectively fitting in certain circumstances. [OBJECTIVE], [TRANSITORY] - Contrast: 用/USEFUL
- Syntactic words
- vi.postNPab{S}{SUBJECT}be appropriate, be only right and properCH
- nab.post-Nwhat is appropriate for NLZ
- nabstativesuitability for the given occasion; appropriateness for the occasion
- nabstativeone certain fixed appropriate use, fixed suitabilityLZ
- nabsubjectwhat is appropriate and helpful
- v[adN]what is appropriate for NCH
- vadNappropriate, fitting, suitableCH
- vibe appropriate, be fitting, be suitable
- vi+NPab{S.PRED}with postposed subject: be fitting
- vi+S{SUBJ}it is fitting that S 宜吾不得見也
- vi.postS{SUBJ}that S is appropriate
- viactbehave appropriatelyLZ
- vt prep Nbe appropriate forCH
- vt+prep+Nstativebe fitting for N
- vt+V[0]be appropriate to VERB; it is suitable to VERB
- vtoNbe convenient for, fit into, be fit for
- vtoNhandle N appropriately 君子宜之LZ
- vtoNcausativecause to act appropriately
- vtoNoptativemay the subject befit, be of the appropriate kind for
可 kě OC: khlaalʔ MC: khɑ 66 AttributionsWD
Kě 可 refers primarily to what is subjectively or interpersonally-subjectively i.e. socially acceptable. [SUBJECTIVE]
- Syntactic words
- nabfeatureadvisability; admissibility; acceptability; suitability 君問可
- vadNacceptable; advisable
- vadVapproximately
- visubject=actionbe advisable; be morally acceptable; be agreeable (to do something); be commendable; be right; be the appropriate thing to do
- visubject=human(of persons) be acceptable; be advisable
- vt[0]+V[0]one may appropriately V
- vtoNputativeconsider N appropriate and worth followingLZ
其 qí OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 61 AttributionsWD
Qí 其 is a modal particle indicating weakly and abstractly that something should probably be done or happen. The word is thus marginal in this group. See SHOULD [padV]
- Syntactic words
- npro.adN其人"the right person": the right N; the right kind of N, the appropriate, the relevant, the suitable
此之謂 cǐ zhī wèi MC: tshjeX tsyi hjw+jH OC: tsheʔ kljɯ ɢudsCH 48 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiThis applies to/illustrates (BUT DOES NOT EXLICITLY OR IMPLICITLY REFER TO) to the above (generalisation); this is a case in pointCH
當 dàng MC: tangH OC: taaŋs 35 AttributionsWD
Shì 適 and dàng 當 (both ant. guāi 乖 "in conflict with certain prevailing circumstances") refer to what is objectively fitting in certain circumstances. [OBJECTIVE], [TRANSITORY]
- Word relations
- Ant: 狂/CRAZY
- Contrast: 宜/APPROPRIATE
The current general word for appropriateness of any kind is yí 宜 (ant.* fáng 妨 "contravene standards, be inappropriate"). [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- nabfeatureappropriateness, adequacyCH
- v[adN]subjectwhat is apposite; what is adequate
- vadNadequate, justified; positive
- vibe appropriate; be to the point; be the right thing in the right place
- vpostadVappropriately, right (as in 君子注錯之當)LZ
- vt[oN]actget things right
- vtoNactadjust oneself properly to; live up to
- vtoNcausativemake N appropriateLZ
- vtoNmiddle voicebe deemed appropriate and right, be deemed adequate
- vtoNstativematch; correspond to; fit with;
順 shùn OC: ɢjuns MC: ʑʷin 24 AttributionsWD
Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "in conflict with the natural flow of events") refers to action that fits naturally and painlessly into a certain flow of events or into a certain constellation. [DYNAMIC]
- Syntactic words
- nabactnatural appropriateness in action
- v[adN]N=nonhuwhat is in accordance with the normal flow of things, what is normal; what is reasonable/sensible
- vadVappropriately; in accordance with the normal state of beingDS
- vibe smooth, normal, and proper; follow a smooth natural course; be in accordance with what should be; be reasonable
- vt(oN)causativeproperly arrange the contextually determinate NLZ
- vt[oN]stativebe in accordance [with proper practice and ritual requirements]
- vtoNcausativeproperly arrangeLZ
是 shì OC: ɡljeʔ MC: dʑiɛ 20 AttributionsWD
Shì 是 (ant. fēi 非 "what does not deserve intellectual or moral approval") refers primarily to what is right and deserving of intellectual and/or moral approval. [MORAL]
- Syntactic words
- nabadhocmoral correctness; rightness
- nabconceptrightness (as in: the rights and wrongs 是非)
- nabmoralwhat is morally right ZHUANG?
- vi(of things) be morally right; be quite appropriate to the occasion
- visubject=human(of persons) be in the right, have it right; be of the right sort; be morally right
- vtoNputativeapprove, consider as right See ASSENT
是非 shì fēi OC: ɡljeʔ pɯl MC: dʑiɛ pɨi 19 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPrightness or otherwiseCH
- NPab{Nab1&Nab2}featurerightness or otherwise, appropriateness or otherwise; right and wrong
中 zhòng OC: krluŋs MC: ʈuŋ 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabfeaturebalance, appropriatenessLZ
- vadNappropriate, balancedLZ
- vibe even-handed and appropriateCH
- vtoNstativefit into
齊 qí OC: dziil MC: dzei 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNwell-adjusted, (politically correct!)CH
- vibe well alligned
- vi2try to be well-aligned, aim to be well-attunedCH
- vifigurativebe perfectly in lineLZ
- vtoNto harmonise, to bring into balance, to tune properly; bring in line; keep perfectly in line
- vtoNpassivebe streamlined, be brought in line
可以 kě yǐ OC: khlaalʔ k-lɯʔ MC: khɑ jɨ 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]may (thus 以之) appropriately V; be (thus 以之) acceptable to V
- VPt0+V[0]impersonalIt is (thus 以之) acceptable (for anyone) to V; It is appropriate (for anyone) to VCH
中 zhōng OC: krluŋ MC: ʈuŋ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe appropriate, be proper, be the right way 刑罰不中 "are not fitting".
適 shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 6 AttributionsWD
Shì 適 and dàng 當 (both ant. guāi 乖 "in conflict with certain prevailing circumstances") refer to what is objectively fitting in certain circumstances. [OBJECTIVE], [TRANSITORY]
- Syntactic words
- nabeventappropriate rhythm (of the seasons)
- vadVappropriately; at the appropriate points
- vimiddle voicebe appropriate, be well adjusted
- vtoNcausativecause to be properly adjusted
稱 chèn MC: -- OC: -- 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabappropriate regulationsLZ
- vibe fitting for the occasion
隨宜 suí yí OC: sɢlol ŋɡral MC: ziɛ ŋiɛ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVfollowing what is appropriate> as the situation demands
- VPiactact appropriately
儀 yí OC: ŋral MC: ŋiɛ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadNproper (target)
符 fú OC: bo MC: bi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto fit together, to match
- vtoNpassivebe fitted together, get matched
衷 zhòng OC: krluŋs MC: ʈuŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNthe appropriate person
- viappropriate
便 biàn OC: bens MC: biɛn 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 宜/APPROPRIATE
The current general word for appropriateness of any kind is yí 宜 (ant.* fáng 妨 "contravene standards, be inappropriate"). [GENERAL]
- Syntactic words
- vadNappropriateCH
- vibe the appropriate thing to do
- vt+prep+Nstativebe appropriate for/to
元 yuán OC: ŋɡon MC: ŋi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNpropitious, ritually appropriate
用 yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nstativebe appropriate for time N
和齊 hé qí MC: hwa dzej OC: ɡool dziilLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNto harmonise, to bring into balance, to tune properly; bring in line; keep perfectly in lineLZ
哿 gě OC: klaalʔ MC: kɑ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vipre-classical loan for 可
讎 chóu OC: ɡju MC: dʑɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativecause to be fitting ?????
參同 cān tóng OC: tshuum looŋ MC: tshəm duŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- visubject=pluralfit together properly, be properly adjusted to each other
當否 dāng fǒu OC: taaŋ pɯʔ MC: tɑŋ pɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabappropriateness
酬類 chóu lèi OC: ɡju ruds MC: dʑɨu li 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPappropriate kind of person
好 hǎo OC: qhuuʔ MC: hɑu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- v-Vbe good/appropriate for V-ing
- vibe suitable; be the good oneDS
義 yì OC: ŋrals MC: ŋiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Word relations
- Oppos: 笑/LAUGH
The clearly predominant word for smiling and laughing is xiào 笑 which refers to any laughter, loud or quiet, kind or unkind.
- Syntactic words
- vibe morally appropriate, be right and proper
獲 huò MC: hweak OC: ɢʷreeɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- virare (SHI): appropriate, proper, in accordance with ritualLZ
中和 zhōng hé MC: trjuwng hwa OC: krluŋ ɡoolLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturebalanceLZ
得體 dé tǐ OC: tɯɯɡ rʰiiʔ MC: tək thei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe appropriate
端正 duān zhèng OC: toon tjeŋs MC: tʷɑn tɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNproper, appropiate
- VPibe proper as it should be
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiThis (preceding text) is applicable to the present case/exampleCH
應 yìng MC: 'ingH OC: qɯŋsLZ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viarchaic: appropriate, suitable (SHI)LZ
Existing SW for
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