FROM  自從由／自

BEGINING with in SPACE, in TIME.
Hypernym
  • BEGINENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST.
    • STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
Hyponym
  • AWAY　FROM HERE OR FROM THERE, DISTANT FROM one's SELF:own DWELLING. 
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. Yóu 由 focusses on the coming out from, and the reference is primarily to a place, but can also be to cause.

    2. Zì 自 focusses on initiation, and the reference is primarily to a time, but can also be to a place, and to the arrangement of an abstract series.

    3. Cóng 從 derives its meaning from "to follow", and the reference is primarily to a place, but it can also be to an origin or cause, much more rarely to a time.

    4. Yú 於 basically means "in relation to", and one of the specific meanings is "in separative relation to, from".

    5. Hū 乎 basically means "in relation to", and one of its rarer specific meanings is "in separative relation to, from".

    6. Dào 道 "by way of" may refer literally to a direction, but it may also refer more abstractly to a means. See USE.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    從

    自

    由

    打

    起

    於

    自從

    從打

    打從

    自打

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    LU JIANMING

    • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 449©

      A vel ab,

      nota initij respectu (1) temporis (2) loci (3) causae efficientis

      ut, Terra habitari coepta est (1) a Diluvio (2) a monte Ararat (3) ab hominibus.

    • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 66

    Attributions by syntactic funtion

    • vtoN.adV : 130
    • vt[0]oN.postadV : 50
    • vtoN : 26
    • vtoN.adV : 8
    • vtoN.postV{PASS} : 4
    • vtoN.postadV : 4
    • vt01+N1.advt02+prep+N2:adS : 4
    • vt0+N.adS : 3
    • vt+V1.postV2 : 3
    • vtoS.+yi3+V : 3
    • vt+:N{PLACE}1.+yi3+N{PLACE}2 : 2
    • vt[0]oN1[.adN2] : 2
    • vtoN1.+VtoN2:adS : 2
    • vtoN.adV:adS : 2
    • vto.N以後.adS : 1
    • vt[0]oNPab{S}.postadV : 1
    • vtoN.adS : 1
    • vtoN.adVt : 1
    • NP : 1
    • vt(oN.)+V : 1

    Attributions by text

    • 韓非子 : 30
    • 春秋左傳 : 22
    • 孟子 : 21
    • 論語 : 21
    • 莊子 : 20
    • 說苑 : 14
    • 呂氏春秋 : 12
    • 春秋穀梁傳 : 12
    • 管子 : 11
    • 陸機集十一卷 : 7
    • 墨子 : 7
    • 史記 : 7
    • 荀子 : 6
    • 淮南子 : 5
    • 禮記 : 5
    • 毛詩 : 5
    • 祖堂集 : 5
    • 搜神記 : 4
    • 尚書 : 3
    • 論衡 : 3
    • 賢愚經 : 3
    • 百喻經 : 3
    • 韓詩外傳 : 3
    • 古列女傳 : 3
    • 孝經 : 2
    • 六祖壇經 : 2
    • 文選 : 1
    • 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
    • 晏子春秋 : 1
    • 典論一卷 : 1
    • 阮籍集四卷 : 1
    • 法句經 : 1
    • 臨濟錄 : 1
    • 戰國策 : 1
    • 妙法蓮華經 : 1
    • 楚辭 : 1
    • 逸周書 : 1
    • 郭店楚簡 語叢一 : 1
    • 郭店楚簡語叢一 : 1

    Words

    自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 108 AttributionsWD

      Syntactic words
    • vt+:N{PLACE}1.+yi3+N{PLACE}2from Npl1 in the direction of Npl2 自陝已東
    • vt+V1.postV2from 至自伐鄭
    • vt.+SadNfrom the time SadN onwards 自君別我後
    • vt0+N.adStimefrom the time N onwardsCH
    • vt0+N1.+Vt0+prep+N2:postadVfrom (N1 to N2) (also in a listing)
    • vt01+N1.advt02+prep+N2:adSfrom (the beginning of an abstract series 自天子達於庶人
    • vt[0].oN1post-N2:adVdirectionfrom 自舟中墜DS
    • vt[0]oN.postadNfrom
    • vt[0]oN.postadVOBI 4: from 出自湯谷
    • vt[0]oN.postadVreflexive.己from (oneself)
    • vt[0]oN1[.adN2]those from the place N1LZ
    • vt[0]oNdirectionfrom (a place)LZ
    • vt[0]oNPab{S}.postadVfrom NP-ing [Note that the syntactic category will become vt[0]+NPab[S] if we systematically implement the current interpretation of prepositions.]
    • vto.N以後/下.adSfrom the time N onwards, S
    • vtoNOBI 3: come from
    • vtoN.adStemporalfrom time N onwards [note that N tends to refer to a point in time rather than to a quantified stretch of time]
    • vtoN.adVOBI 5: from; starting out from a place; 自楚之滕 "went from Chu3 to Te2ng" also a time: 所自生 "that wherefrom something is born"
    • vtoN.adV:adSfrom (my point of view)...; from (this time onwards
    • vtoN.adVfigurative(abstractly) fromCH
    • vtoN.adVpsychto V taking (oneself) as the point fo departure
    • vtoN1.+VtoN2:adStimefrom N1 to N2 (自古及今)LZ
    • vtoNab{ACT}.postadVfrom (doing something)
    • vtoNreflexive.己take one's point of departure from (oneself)
    • vtoS.+yi3+Vfrom the time when S onwards
    從  cóng OC: dzoŋ MC: dzi̯oŋ 47 AttributionsWD

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)+Vto V from the contextually determinate N
    • vtoN(come on>) follow from, be the result of; be in accordance with
    • vtoN.adVfrom
    • vtoN.adVfigurativeform > deriving from; on the basis of
    • vtoN.adVN=abstractfrom (an abstract location)
    由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 30 AttributionsWD

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcome out through, emerge through, emerge from
    • vtoN.adVcoming forth from, from
    • vtoN.adVfigurativefrom (abstractly, non spatially), taking as a point of departure
    • vtoNfigurativecome from, arise from; have as a basis
    於  yú OC: qa MC: ʔi̯ɤ 26 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadV免於今之世"get away from the present world": away from, out fromCH
    • vt[0]oN.postadVN=sourcefrom the source NCH
    • vtoN.adVtfrom
    • vtoN.postadVfromCH
    • vtoN.postV{PASS}from 得於"be obtained from"
    乎  hū OC: ɢaa MC: ɦuo̝ 18 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadV異乎我與若"be different from me and you": (distant or away or originating) from
    導  dǎo OC: ɡ-luus MC: dɑu
    導道  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 15 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalthe source from which something arises, the reason why something occurs
    • vtoN.adVdǎo?? by way of, through; by means of
    去  qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVfrom
    向  xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
    • Studies in the Language of Zu-tang Ji 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004C) p. 333

    • 虛詞歷史詞典 Xūcí lìshǐ cídiǎn A Historical Dictionary of Function Words ( HE JINSONG 1994) p. 279

      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVfrom (this is a Tang vernacular usage of xiàng; there are examples in ZTJ and BIANWEN, occasionally in Tang poetry; there are also occasional examples dating from the Song and even later periods, e.g. GUZUN, XIYOUJI)
    猶  yóu OC: k-lu MC: jɨu 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVloan for 由: from
    所自  suǒ zì OC: sqraʔ sblids MC: ʂi̯ɤ dzi 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPobjectthe place wherefrom
    所從  suǒ cóng MC: srjoX dzjowng OC: sqraʔ dzoŋDS 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPobject: the place wherefrom DS
    于  yú OC: ɢʷra MC: ɦi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadVOBI: from

    Existing SW for

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