ANNEX  吞併并

ATTACK TERRITORY AND THEREUPON GOVERN IT.
TAKE OVERTAKE POSSESSION OFAPPROPRIATESEIZECONQUEROCCUPY
Hypernym
  • ATTACKTRY to DESTROY OR DAMAGE USING WARFARE OR FIGHT.
    • DAMAGECHANGE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME MORE BAD.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
Old Chinese Criteria
[BASIC/DERIVED]

[CURRENT/RARE]

[DEROGATORY/COMMENDATORY]

[DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC]

[+FIG/LITERAL]

[FORMAL/INFORMAL]

[GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

[TRANSITORY/LASTING]

1. Jiān 兼 "annex" (ant. gē 割 (incidentally, anciently homophone of modern English "cut"!!!) "to cut off") is the neutral word used by the historian to record the facts without bias.

[FORMAL], [GENERAL]

2. Tūn 吞 "gulp up and annex" is metaphorical in nature, and pejorative as well as dramatic in force.

[DERIVED], [DEROGATORY], [DRAMATIC], [INFORMAL]; [[RARE]]

3. Bìng 并 "annex" (ant. fēn 分 "separate into two") is less formal, and is the commonest of the three.

[GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

4. Bìng 並 "annex" (ant. fēn 分 "separate into two") is sometimes used synonymously with bìng 并 but is not anciently homophonous with it, and the word is particularly current in the meaning of "together". See TOGETHER [NB: what confuses the situation is a great deal of printer's confusion in entering these different words, greatly exacerbatged by the problem of computerisation.]

[GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

5. Yǒu 有 can come to refer to the more or less lasting result of the process of annexation. See GOVERN(INCHOATIVE)

[COMMENDATORY], [FORMAL], [INCHOATIVE], [LASTING], [STATE]

6. Jù 據 can refer to the more or less lasting the result of the process of annexation.

[LASTING], [RESULT], [STATE]; [[RARE]]

7. Qǔ 取 refers to successful annexation, typically of a city.

Modern Chinese Criteria
吞併 is the most current word for annexation and refers in a dramatising way to gobbling up what one annexes.

兼併 is a fairly formal common word for annexation.

併吞 refers in a dramatising way to gobbling up what one annexes.

侵吞 focusses on the invasion of what one annexes.

侵佔 focusses on the invasion of what one comes to occupy.

侵占 focusses on the invasion of what one comes to occupy.

吞滅 focusses on the destruction of what one gobbles up.

吞噬 refers figuratively and dramtically to annexaction.

蠶食 focusses on the comparison of annexation with the eating of greedy silkworms.

鯨吞 focusses on the comparison with the supposedly greedy whale.

蠶食鯨吞

first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/

Attributions by syntactic funtion

  • vtoN : 89
  • VPtoN : 6
  • NPab : 5
  • vt[oN] : 3
  • VPi : 3
  • nab : 1
  • vttoN1.+prep+N2 : 1
  • vt(oN) : 1
  • vttoN1.+N2 : 1
  • vt+prep+N : 1

Attributions by text

  • 史記 : 29
  • 春秋左傳 : 14
  • 韓非子 : 12
  • 戰國策 : 11
  • 管子 : 10
  • 荀子 : 6
  • 春秋穀梁傳 : 6
  • 鹽鐵論 : 5
  • 說苑 : 3
  • 孟子 : 3
  • 淮南子 : 3
  • 阮籍集四卷 : 1
  • 孫子 : 1
  • 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
  • 呂氏春秋 : 1
  • 禮記 : 1
  • 論衡 : 1
  • 莊子 : 1
  • 晏子春秋 : 1
  • 韓詩外傳 : 1

Words

并  bìng OC: peŋs MC: piɛŋ 35 AttributionsWD

Bìng 并 "annex" (ant. fēn 分 "separate into two") is less formal, and is the commonest of the three. [GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

    Syntactic words
  • nabactannexation
  • vt[oN]annex othersLZ
  • vtoNbring equally under one's control; annex; add to what one has;
  • vtoNpassivebe annexed by
取  qǔ OC: skhoʔ MC: tshi̯o 25 AttributionsWD

Qǔ 取 refers to successful annexation, typically of a city.

    Word relations
  • Result: 克/CONQUER
  • Contrast: 伐/ATTACK Fá 伐 refers to a large-scale typically destructive formal attack by one state on another, typically formally announced, and with much beating of drums. [DESCENDING], [MILITARY], [LARGE-SCALE!], [OVERT]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNtake possession of (a place); annex a state or city; confiscate
  • vttoN1.+N2annex (a territory N1) from (a territory N2)
  • vttoN1.+prep+N2annex the place N1 one from the state N2
兼  jiān OC: kleem MC: kem 16 AttributionsWD

Jiān 兼 "annex" (ant. gē 割(anciently homophone of modern English "cut"!!!) "to cut off") is the neutral word used by the historian to record the facts without bias. [FORMAL], [GENERAL]

    Syntactic words
  • nabactannexation by others
  • vtoNactunite under one's unified control; annex;
  • vtoNfigurativeappropriate something illegally; misappropriate
吞  tūn OC: lʰɯɯn MC: thən 12 AttributionsWD

Tūn 吞 "gulp up and annex" is metaphorical in nature, and pejorative as well as dramatic in force. [DERIVED], [DEROGATORY], [DRAMATIC], [INFORMAL]; [[RARE]]

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 並/ANNEX Bìng 並 "annex" (ant. fēn 分 "separate into two") is sometimes used synonymously with bìng 并 but is not anciently homophonous with it, and the word is particularly current in the meaning of "together". See TOGETHER [NB: what confuses the situation is a great deal of printer's confusion in entering these different words, greatly exacerbatged by the problem of computerisation.] [GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNfigurative[BE GULPED UP>] get annexed [NO EX SO FAR!]
  • vtoNfigurative[GULP UP>] annex
并兼  bìng jiān OC: peŋs kleem MC: piɛŋ kem 11 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPabactannexation
  • VPiactengage in activities of annexation of others
  • VPtoNannex (each other etc)
據  jù OC: klas MC: ki̯ɤ 4 AttributionsWD

Jù 據 can refer to the more or less lasting the result of the process of annexation. [LASTING], [RESULT], [STATE]; [[RARE]]

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNperfectiveoccupy (territory), take possession of
並  bìng OC: beeŋʔ MC: beŋ 3 AttributionsWD

Bìng 並 "annex" (ant. fēn 分 "separate into two") is sometimes used synonymously with bìng 并 but is not anciently homophonous with it, and the word is particularly current in the meaning of "together". See TOGETHER [NB: what confuses the situation is a great deal of printer's confusion in entering these different words, greatly exacerbatged by the problem of computerisation.] [GENERAL], [INFORMAL]

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 吞/ANNEX Tūn 吞 "gulp up and annex" is metaphorical in nature, and pejorative as well as dramatic in force. [DERIVED], [DEROGATORY], [DRAMATIC], [INFORMAL]; [[RARE]]

    Syntactic words
  • vt+prep+Npassivebe annexed by
  • vt[oN]commit an act of annexation
  • vtoNannex
有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 2 AttributionsWD

Yǒu 有 can come to refer to the more or less lasting result of the process of annexation. See GOVERN. [COMMENDATORY], [FORMAL], [INCHOATIVE], [LASTING], [STATE] >>INCHOATIVE, STATE, LASTING, COMMENDATORY, FORMAL

    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)occupy the contextually determinate place NCH
  • vtoNperfectivetake possession of
包舉  bāo jǔ OC: pruu klaʔ MC: pɣɛu ki̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNget to encompass and occupy
囊括  náng kuò OC: naaŋ kood MC: nɑŋ kʷɑt 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNto "bag" and occupy
兼并  jiān bīng MC: kem -- OC: kleem peŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPabactannexationLZ
包  bāo OC: pruu MC: pɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNfigurative[WRAP UP>] get to encompass as one's own territory, come to embrace as one's own territory

Existing SW for

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