SHAMAN    巫師

ADULT HUMAN whose WORK is to COMMUNICATE with DEITIES so as to SERVE OTHER HUMANS. 
PRIESTWIZZARDSORCERERCLERICCHURCHMANCHURCHWOMANMAN/WOMAN OF THE CLOTHMAN/WOMAN OF GODECCLESIASTICPRIESTMINISTERPASTORPREACHERCHAPLAINFATHERBISHOPRECTORPARSONVICARCURATEDEACONDEACONESSMONKNUNRELIGIOUSFRIARSISTERBROTHERINFORMAL REVERENDPADRESKY PILOTBIBLE THUMPERDATED DIVINEMEDICINE MAN/WOMANHEALERKAHUNA
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for a shaman is wū 巫, and although this word was perceived to refer specifically to female shamans. 2. Xí 覡 is a rare word which seems to have been limited to male shamans in pre-Han times but came to be used generally for shamanes female and male alike, in post-Han times. 3. Zhù 祝 refers to the impersonator of the dead ancestor on sacrificial occasions: these are not really shamans, but they temporarily perform the roles of a shaman representing the dead or communicating with them.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 SACRIFICE 24. 巫是以工具來表示可通天地四方之人，即巫師。商代的巫，職權大，地位高，春秋戰國時巫已轉入民間，且出現祝、卜、史等的內部分工。 巫，男女巫師的通稱，與覡相對時，特指女巫。 覡，男巫。 祝，祭祀時司禮之人即男巫，強調用言語與鬼神溝通。 靈，楚方言詞，指巫師。 醫，借神靈之力為人治病的人。 史，擔任星曆、卜筮及記事人員，記史并兼管星曆卜筮和作祝辭等。 卜，從事卜筮的人，長官稱大卜。 GY: 如是則明神降之〔六〕，在男曰覡，在女曰巫〔七〕。
Modern Chinese Criteria
巫師 巫神 神巫 師公 巫 瞧香的 女巫 巫婆 師婆 神婆 仙姑 關亡婆 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
See also
  • MAGICSUPERNATURAL SKILL.
Hypernym
  • ADULT　HUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME. (anc: 7/0, child: 20)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 131

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 22.18

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    SACERDOS

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 225

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.2066

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.903

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1248

  • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

  • Realencyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft ( PAULY 1894-1973) p. 2.2314

    AUGURES

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.267

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 42

    • Words (9 items)

    祝  zhù OC: tjuɡ MC: tɕuk 49 Attributions

    Zhù 祝 refers to the impersonator of the dead ancestor on sacrificial occasions: these are not really shamans, but they temporarily perform the roles of a shaman representing the dead or communicating with them.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 巫/SHAMAN The general word for a shaman is wū 巫, and although this word was perceived to refer specifically to female shamans.

      Syntactic words
    • n+Nprtitleshaman X
    • ndefinitethe impersonator of the dead at sacrifices
    • nnonreferentialshaman; impersonator of the dead
    • v[adN]invocator, impersonator of the dead ancestor at prayer; person in charge of ancestral prayers; prayer-master
    巫  wū OC: ma MC: mi̯o 39 Attributions

    The general word for a shaman is wū 巫, and although this word was perceived to refer specifically to female shamans.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 匠/CARPENTER
    • Assoc: 祝/SHAMAN Zhù 祝 refers to the impersonator of the dead ancestor on sacrificial occasions: these are not really shamans, but they temporarily perform the roles of a shaman representing the dead or communicating with them.
    • Assoc: 蠱/BEWITCH The standard word for bewitchment through supernatural obnoxious influences is gǔ 蠱.
    • Assoc: 醫/PHYSICIAN The general standard word for a doctor is yī 醫.

      Syntactic words
    • nshamaness; (but note GUAN 女巫 ); generally: shaman; exorcist GY: 如是則明神降之〔六〕，在男曰覡，在女曰巫〔七〕。
    • n+NprtitleShaman 巫咸
    • nabactshamanistic practices, shamanism
    巫祝  wū zhù OC: ma tjuɡ MC: mi̯o tɕuk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialshaman of any kind
    蠱  gǔ OC: kaaʔ MC: kuo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]obnoxious bewitcher, person with an obnoxious influence; witch
    覡  xí OC: ɡeeɡ MC: ɦek 1 Attribution

    Xí 覡 is a rare word which seems to have been limited to male shamans in pre-Han times but came to be used generally for shamanes female and male alike, in post-Han times.

      Syntactic words
    • nmale shaman; post-Han: male or female shaman GY: 如是則明神降之〔六〕，在男曰覡，在女曰巫〔七〕。
    祝巫  zhù wū wǔ MC: tsyuwk mju OC: tjuɡ ma 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPplural(often) female local religious leadersCH
    尸祝  shī zhù OC: qhlji tjuɡ MC: ɕi tɕuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe impersonator of the dead
    擊  jī MC: kek OC: keeɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n= xí 覡: male shamanLZ
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPplural(often) female local religious leadersCH