SUMMON  招

COMMAND to COME to a SUPERIOR, OFTEN TOGETHER with OTHERS.
END FORCALL FORREQUEST THE PRESENCE OFASKINVITE.SERVE WITH A SUMMONSSUMMONSSUBPOENACITESERVE WITH A CITATION
Hypernym
  • COMMANDADDRESS someone, USING AUTHORITY, INTENDING to CAUSE that person to ACT RESEMBLE:as one INTENDS him to ACT.
    • ADDRESSSPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT. 
      • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The standard current word for summoning anyone anywhere is zhào 召.

2. Cháo 朝 is used to refer to the calling someone to a court.

3. Hū 呼 is a very informal word for calling someone to make him come.

黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006

GOVERNMENT/LAW 20.

召，泛指各級機構對人才的召用。

征，一般指君主的召用。

辟，公府及州郡的召用。

聘，用禮儀和物質的優惠條件召用。

Modern Chinese Criteria
召 is the current informal term for summoning people together or convening a meeting by way of an invitation.

召喚 is the current term for publicly summoning people together.

號召 focusses on the worthy purposes of a public calling together of people.

呼喚 focusses on the imperative aspect of the summoning.

喚起 focusses on the mobilising of the summoning.

登高一呼 is a proverbial hyperbolic way of referring to a demonstative act of summoning people together.

振臂一呼 is a proverbial dramatising way of referring to a dramatic act of summoning people together.

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.41

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SUMMON

    arcessere is quite generally to summon or call for someone of any rank, to ask someone to come.

    accire is to call for or invite someone who is regarded as an equal, often to entreat someone to come.

    evocare is to summon an inferior, and to command him to come.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 408

Attributions by syntactic funtion

  • vtoN : 118
  • vt(oN) : 13
  • VPtoN : 5
  • vtoN{PLUR} : 4
  • VPt(oN) : 4
  • nab : 3
  • vttoN.+V[0] : 3
  • vt(oN.)+V : 2
  • VPt[oN] : 1
  • vttoN.+S : 1
  • VPtt(oN.)+V[0] : 1
  • vt[oN] : 1

Attributions by text

  • 韓非子 : 33
  • 春秋左傳 : 24
  • 史記 : 21
  • 孟子 : 11
  • 說苑 : 8
  • 搜神記 : 6
  • 春秋穀梁傳 : 6
  • 論語 : 5
  • 祖堂集 : 5
  • 論衡 : 4
  • 百喻經 : 4
  • 六祖壇經 : 4
  • 淮南子 : 3
  • 賢愚經 : 3
  • 戰國策 : 3
  • 古列女傳 : 3
  • 禮記 : 2
  • 荀子 : 2
  • 呂氏春秋 : 2
  • 臨濟錄 : 2
  • 逸周書 : 2
  • 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
  • 鹽鐵論 : 1
  • 韓詩外傳 : 1

Words

召  zhào OC: ɡrlews MC: ɖiɛu 69 AttributionsWD

The standard current word for summoning anyone anywhere is zhào 召.

    Word relations
  • Contrast: 呼/SUMMON Hū 呼 is a very informal word for calling someone to make him come.

    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)summon, call the contextually determinate person in
  • vtoNsummon officially; summon in; call in; deliver a summons (on behalf of a ruler), call in (on behalf of someone else); occasionally with abstract objects 召恥
  • vtoNpassivebe called in
致  zhì OC: k-liɡs MC: ʈi 22 AttributionsWD

    Word relations
  • Ant: 去/REMOVE The most general term for removing anything is qù 去.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNcausativeCAUSE TO COME> cause to come; cause to rally; summon
  • vtoNpassivebe made to come, be summoned
朝  cháo OC: daw MC: ɖiɛu 13 AttributionsWD

Cháo 朝 is used to refer to the calling someone to a court.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNcausative(cause to go to court>) invite to the royal court, get to come to the royal court to show respect
  • vtoNcausative, passivebe caused to go to court, be brought to court
喚  huàn OC: qhloons MC: hʷɑn 11 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNpost-Han: call over; summon
  • vttoN.+Ssummon N using the words S
  • vttoN.+V[0]call in N to V
呼  hū OC: qhaa MC: huo̝ 6 AttributionsWD

Hū 呼 is a very informal word for calling someone to make him come.

    Word relations
  • Contrast: 召/SUMMON The standard current word for summoning anyone anywhere is zhào 召.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNYILI: call to come
募  mù OC: maaɡs MC: muo̝ 5 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nabactsummons
  • vtoNsummon
徵  zhēng OC: tɯŋ MC: ʈɨŋ 4 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN.)+Vomsummon/order a contextually determinate person to do something
  • vtoNsummon
招  zhāo OC: kljew MC: tɕiɛu 4 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vt(oN)to summon (a contextually determinate object) ??maybe vi??
  • vtoNwave to come, attract to one's presence; summon
召問  zhāo wèn OC: kljew mɯns MC: tɕiɛu mi̯un 4 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)summon the contextually determinate N to ask him for advice.
  • VPtoNN=topicsummon the contextually determinate person to ask about the subject matter N2 [[NB: this presents an exquisite problem of syntactic analysis because 召 alone really serves as an vt(oN), but this can only come out in the analysis of the construction of this word. In principle, I fear under the present TLS synstem one would have to deny that this is a genuine case of the resultative combination 召問. The construction is 召，問其故 etc.]]
  • VPtoNresultativesummon so as to consult (a person)
招致  zhāo zhì OC: kljew k-liɡs MC: tɕiɛu ʈi 3 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)summon so as to cause to come> attract, incur, bring about (with contextually determinate N)
  • VPtoNresultativesummon so as to cause to come> attract
來  lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nab=徠 summonsCH
  • vt(oN)iussiveorder the contextually determinate person to come
  • vt[oN]=徠　summon [you to this meeting]CH
  • vtoN=徠：來遠方之民 "summon together the people of distant regions": summonCH
合  hé OC: ɡloob MC: ɦəp 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN{PLUR}call together
屬  zhǔ OC: tjoɡ MC: tɕi̯ok 2 AttributionsWD

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNto assemble (of people), to call together
糾合  jiū hé OC: kiw ɡloob MC: kɨu ɦəp 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN{PLUR}call together
勒  lè OC: ɡ-rɯɯɡ MC: lək 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNcall in for criminal investigation
征  zhēng OC: tjeŋ MC: tɕiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nabsummons
詔  zhào OC: kljews MC: tɕiɛu 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNsummon by imperial decree
召喚  zhāo huàn OC: kljew qhloons MC: tɕiɛu hʷɑn 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)summon the contextually determinate person N
  • VPtoNcall up, summon to court
命召  mìng zhào OC: mɢreŋs ɡrlews MC: mɣaŋ ɖiɛu 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)summon a contextually determinate person by royal command
徵詔  zhēng zhào OC: tɯŋ kljews MC: ʈɨŋ tɕiɛu 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]summon/order by imperial decree a contextually determinate person to do something
募索  mù suǒ MC: muH sraek OC: maaɡs --DS 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt[oN]conativetry to find and summon people for a certain official purposeDS
辟  bì OC: peɡ MC: piɛk 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNHOUHANSHU: summon (a person, in order to confer public office on him)
呼屬  hū zhǔ OC: qhaa tjoɡ MC: huo̝ tɕi̯ok 0 AttributionsWD

call together, summon (the people)

    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)summon the contextually determinate object (typically the people)
徵召  zhēng zhào OC: tɯŋ ɡrlews MC: ʈɨŋ ɖiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPabsocialsummons
招還  zhāo huán OC: kljew ɡʷraan MC: tɕiɛu ɦɣan 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPt(oN)call the contextually determinate person back

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