BRIBE    賄賂

NOT LEGITIMATE GIFT so as to INFLUENCE the DECISIONS of an OFFICIAL OR POWERFUL HUMAN.
BUY OFFPAY OFFSUBORNGREASE SOMEONE'S PALM
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE. 2. Huì 賄 refers to customary gifts on formal occasions which are often hard to distinguish from bribes, and characteristically the word regularly refers to passive bribery. See also PROPERTY and GIFT. Commentators wish us to believe that the word refers specifically to "bribe with gifts of silk", but there is no clear early evidence of this. 3. Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves. 4. Nà 納／內 is the technical term for the receiving of bribes, i.e. passive corruption. 5. The word qiú 賕, which became current in Han times, refers to active as well as passive corruption. 6. Zāng 藏 / 臧 and huò lù 貨賂 occasionally refer to bribes received.
Modern Chinese Criteria
賄賂 行賄 賄買 打點 收買 買通 買關節 通關節 受賄 refers to being prepared to receive bribes. 納賄 貪賄 貪贓 貪贓枉法 招權納賄 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • SALARYMONEY GIVEN to someone who WORKS for his/her WORK.
See also
  • GIVECAUSE someone TO POSSESS in the FUTURE what one POSSESSES at PRESENT.
  • BUYOBTAIN BY PAYING a PRICE FOR something.
Hypernym
  • GIFT　GOOD THING which one GIVES to someone. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    USURA

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1329

    賄，賂

    1. WL maintains that hui3 賄 tends to consist of cloth whereas lu4 賂 tends to consist of other goods. This traditional view is not borne out by the primary source evidence. It sounds like a late rationalisation. Bribes lu4 賂 are frequently specified to consist of specialists like singing girls and music masters and lands, also by offers to senior positions.

    2. WL claims that lu4 賂 can refer to property as such. I have not found such examples in pre-Buddhist literature, and indeed WL provide no example at all.. But I have not checked the examples in HYDCD.

    3. WL maintains that the meaning "bribe" for lu4 賂 is a 後起義. This meaning is, of course, exceedingly common in early literature from ZUO onwards. Quoting a JINSHU example for this is most misleading.

    • Words (13 items)

    賂  lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 87 Attributions

    Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 貨/BRIBE Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves.
    • Assoc: 賄/GIFT Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

      Syntactic words
    • nabactbribery 行賂
    • nmbribe 受賂
    • vadNserving as a bribe 賂器
    • viactuse bribes, engage in active bribery;
    • vt(oN)bribe contextually determinate recipients (以 "with" something)
    • vt+prep+Nbribe
    • vtoNbribe; bribe (e.g. yǐ 以 "with" precious objects, workers, or fine horses); give bribes to
    • vtoNpassivebribe
    • vtt(oN1.)+vt+N2bribe the contextually determinate N1 using N2
    • vttoN1.+N2bribe N1 with gift of N2
    貨  huò OC: hŋʷaals MC: hʷɑ 17 Attributions

    Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 賂/BRIBE Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE.
    • Assoc: 賄/BRIBE Huì 賄 refers to customary gifts on formal occasions which are often hard to distinguish from bribes, and characteristically the word regularly refers to passive bribery. See also PROPERTY and GIFT. Commentators wish us to believe that the word refers specifically to "bribe with gifts of silk", but there is no clear early evidence of this.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactbribery
    • nmbribe
    • vtoNbribe a person with gifts
    賄  huì OC: qhʷɯɯʔ MC: huo̝i 11 Attributions

    Huì 賄 refers to customary gifts on formal occasions which are often hard to distinguish from bribes, and characteristically the word regularly refers to passive bribery. See also PROPERTY and GIFT. Commentators wish us to believe that the word refers specifically to "bribe with gifts of silk", but there is no clear early evidence of this.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 貨/BRIBE Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves.

      Syntactic words
    • nmbribe; gifts ZUO Xiang 10.12 政以賄成 "the government has been carried on by means of bribes"
    • vipsychengage in (passive) bribery; be keen on bribes and gifts;
    • vtoNbribe (perhaps primarily with silk or rolls of cloth, according to commentators); bribe
    貨賂  huò lù OC: hŋʷaals ɡ-raaɡs MC: hʷɑ luo̝ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactbribery
    • NPmbribes
    • VPiactengage in active bribery
    幣  bì OC: beds MC: biɛi 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmbribes, required gifts
    • viactoffer bribes
    • vtoNbribe with silk/money
    貨賄  huò huì OC: hŋʷaals qhʷɯɯʔ MC: hʷɑ huo̝i 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbribes
    賕  qiú OC: ɡu MC: gɨu 2 Attributions

    The word qiú 賕, which became current in Han times, refers to active as well as passive corruption.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactbribery
    • nmbribes
    • vadNcorrupt
    • viactSHIJI: be corrupt, both give and take bribes
    賕納  qiú nà OC: ɡu nuub MC: gɨu nəp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1&N2}actthe taking or asking for bribes
    苞苴  bāo jū MC: paew tsjo OC: pruu ska 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactbribery of all kindsCH
    納  nà OC: nuub MC: nəp
    內  nèi OC: nuubs MC: nuo̝i 1 Attribution

    Nà 納／內is the technical term for the receiving of bribes, i.e. passive corruption.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactbribery, the receiving of bribes
    臧  zāng OC: skaaŋ MC: tsɑŋ
    臧藏  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    Zāng 藏/臧 and huò lù 貨賂 occasionally refer to bribes received.

      Syntactic words
    • nmHANSHU: bribes taken
    納賂  nà lù OC: nuub ɡ-raaɡs MC: nəp luo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Ngive bribes to N
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactbribery of all kindsCH